{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206207442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853","title":"Improved Real-Time Traffic Congestion Detection with Automatic Image Cropping using Online Camera Images","display_name":"Improved Real-Time Traffic Congestion Detection with Automatic Image Cropping using Online Camera Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206207442","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060305223","display_name":"Bowie Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089368710","display_name":"Chan\u2013Tong Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8022-7744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Tong Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031417415","display_name":"Benjamin K. Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin K. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Applied Sciences Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao S.A.R., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70272206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1117","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7012385725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6127168536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6005146503448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.47397345304489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.4210398495197296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36304816603660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.33316946029663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10895106196403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.07836738228797913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7012385725975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6127168536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6005146503448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47397345304489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.4210398495197296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36304816603660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.33316946029663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10895106196403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.07836738228797913}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607878","display_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987789609","https://openalex.org/W2664788752","https://openalex.org/W2803400988","https://openalex.org/W2808017405","https://openalex.org/W2901544186","https://openalex.org/W2964933785","https://openalex.org/W2997495333","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3033940652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2779427294","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2625805835","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2069885731","https://openalex.org/W2563206327","https://openalex.org/W2108687567","https://openalex.org/W2789220062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"congestion":[1,16,42,127],"causes":[2],"severe":[3],"traffic":[4,15,41,99,174,182],"delays,":[5],"increases":[6],"fuel":[7],"wastage":[8],"and":[9,25,110,154,162],"monetary":[10],"losses.":[11],"Real-time":[12],"information":[13],"on":[14,68],"can":[17,159,177],"help":[18],"road":[19,23],"users":[20],"avoid":[21],"congested":[22],"segments":[24],"thus":[26],"reduce":[27],"commute":[28],"time.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33,54],"propose":[34,55],"an":[35,56],"improved":[36],"version":[37],"of":[38,65,83,98,107,149],"the":[39,51,63,69,73,81,96,104,108,111,134,138,151,155,165],"real-time":[40],"detection":[43,52,128],"system":[44],"using":[45,72],"online":[46],"camera":[47],"images.":[48],"To":[49],"improve":[50,80],"accuracy,":[53],"automatic":[57],"image":[58],"cropping":[59],"method":[60],"to":[61,94,124],"identify":[62],"region":[64],"interest,":[66],"based":[67],"detected":[70,172],"locations":[71],"bounding":[74,90],"boxes":[75,91],"produced":[76],"by":[77,102],"YOLOv4.":[78],"We":[79],"use":[82],"instantaneous":[84,113],"intersection":[85],"over":[86],"union":[87],"for":[88,130,180],"multiple":[89],"(mIOU)":[92],"values":[93],"simplify":[95],"process":[97],"status":[100,175],"estimation,":[101],"taking":[103],"weighted":[105,131],"average":[106,152,156],"current":[109],"previous":[112],"mIOU":[114,132],"values.":[115],"The":[116,171],"experimental":[117],"results":[118,176],"show":[119],"that":[120],"it":[121],"is":[122,141],"feasible":[123],"define":[125],"a":[126,147],"threshold":[129,148],"when":[133],"time":[135],"interval":[136],"between":[137],"two":[139],"images":[140],"greater":[142],"than":[143],"2":[144],"seconds.":[145],"With":[146],"0.3,":[150],"Precision":[153],"Recall":[157],"Rate":[158],"achieve":[160],"89.84%":[161],"92.09%":[163],"in":[164],"manually":[166],"labeled":[167],"test":[168],"data":[169],"sets.":[170],"numerical":[173],"be":[178],"used":[179],"short-term":[181],"prediction.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}