{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3117606851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","title":"A Low-complexity Beamspace-based Method for DOA Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"A Low-complexity Beamspace-based Method for DOA Estimation in Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3117606851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","mag":"3117606851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074011388","display_name":"Cheng Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356165","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-4598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688426","display_name":"Tao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-127X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766611","display_name":"Yating Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3045-8332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yating Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456570","display_name":"Jiacheng Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0116-7664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101887510","display_name":"Xin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-683X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2722730","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0106qb496","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074011388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2722730"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16633948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"334","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.7349702715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7095373272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigendecomposition-of-a-matrix","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","score":0.6316584348678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6314518451690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6001025438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagator","display_name":"Propagator","score":0.5765657424926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.529984712600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.5105017423629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4826936721801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.43732547760009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4166111946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4119831919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.38554996252059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3005923926830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2907523214817047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12725713849067688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.7349702715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7095373272895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169756996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194919","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","level":3,"score":0.6316584348678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6314518451690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6001025438308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104416048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302518","display_name":"Propagator","level":2,"score":0.5765657424926758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.529984712600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5105017423629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4826936721801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.43732547760009766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4166111946105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4119831919670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.38554996252059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3005923926830292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2907523214817047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12725713849067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct50939.2020.9295911","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 20th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986322767","https://openalex.org/W1999751397","https://openalex.org/W2025622016","https://openalex.org/W2048318885","https://openalex.org/W2096490034","https://openalex.org/W2127297548","https://openalex.org/W2133165430","https://openalex.org/W2135366352","https://openalex.org/W2151064633","https://openalex.org/W2189368743","https://openalex.org/W2194416196","https://openalex.org/W2338333133","https://openalex.org/W2383815017","https://openalex.org/W2530571264","https://openalex.org/W2608222992","https://openalex.org/W2899669232","https://openalex.org/W2980514035","https://openalex.org/W2996735031","https://openalex.org/W3103033418","https://openalex.org/W7047334500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2774967657","https://openalex.org/W2117760611","https://openalex.org/W4382204317","https://openalex.org/W2360754927","https://openalex.org/W2289858865","https://openalex.org/W2100915163","https://openalex.org/W2005921625","https://openalex.org/W2113817303","https://openalex.org/W2156673141","https://openalex.org/W2150953077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,41,80,98,109,125,144],"direction-of-arrival":[3],"(DOA)":[4],"estimation":[5,31,140],"method":[6,32,43,50,100,136],"for":[7],"massive":[8,149],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"(MIMO)":[11],"systems":[12],"is":[13,101,117],"critical":[14],"and":[15,38,119],"extremely":[16],"affects":[17],"its":[18],"application.":[19],"To":[20],"reduce":[21],"the":[22,35,39,53,58,64,72,77,81,92,95,105,110,114,123,126,134,145],"computational":[23,93],"complexity,":[24,94],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"a":[27],"new":[28],"low-complexity":[29,46],"DOA":[30,139],"based":[33],"on":[34],"beamspace":[36,65],"transformation":[37],"improvements":[40],"propagator":[42,49,99],"named":[44],"as":[45],"beamspace-based":[47],"improved":[48],"(LBPM).":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"received":[54,82],"signal":[55,83],"vectors":[56,84],"in":[57,148],"antenna-element":[59],"space":[60],"are":[61,85],"transformed":[62,115],"into":[63],"by":[66],"employing":[67],"beamforming":[68],"vectors,":[69],"which":[70],"simplifies":[71],"array":[73],"manifold":[74],"so":[75],"that":[76,133,143],"total":[78],"dimensions":[79],"significantly":[86],"reduced.":[87],"Then,":[88],"to":[89,103,121],"further":[90],"decrease":[91],"linear":[96],"operation":[97],"utilized":[102],"replace":[104],"eigenvalue":[106],"decomposition":[107],"(EVD)":[108],"covariance":[111],"matrix.":[112],"Besides,":[113],"data":[116],"conjugated":[118],"rearranged":[120],"improve":[122],"precision":[124],"proposed":[127,135],"method.":[128],"Numerical":[129],"simulation":[130],"results":[131],"indicate":[132],"enjoys":[137],"better":[138],"performance":[141],"than":[142],"conventional":[146],"methods":[147],"MIMO":[150],"systems.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}