{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998260345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","title":"Optimal Design of Subconnected Hybrid Structure for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Optimal Design of Subconnected Hybrid Structure for mmWave Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998260345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","mag":"2998260345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076679804","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1017-0743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005181865","display_name":"Wence Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0160-7803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wence Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015049802","display_name":"Xu Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-5709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076679804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4929014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"685","last_page":"689"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8344262838363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.7903244495391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.711576521396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6735423803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6605691313743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5999114513397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5683091282844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5426200032234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5029682517051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4855491816997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.44110772013664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4337378442287445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.4336792826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4304017126560211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41525405645370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2628825008869171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15897423028945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15524756908416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13199424743652344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8344262838363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.7903244495391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.711576521396637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6735423803329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6605691313743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5999114513397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5683091282844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5426200032234192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5029682517051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4855491816997528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.44110772013664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4337378442287445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.4336792826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4304017126560211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41525405645370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2628825008869171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15897423028945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15524756908416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13199424743652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icct46805.2019.8947209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1999153524","https://openalex.org/W2014075533","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2538905011","https://openalex.org/W2588997914","https://openalex.org/W2786901524","https://openalex.org/W2801751256","https://openalex.org/W2908208656","https://openalex.org/W2916906538","https://openalex.org/W2921759858","https://openalex.org/W2972598174","https://openalex.org/W2988038480","https://openalex.org/W4231942831","https://openalex.org/W6750830358","https://openalex.org/W6758342903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2134293600","https://openalex.org/W2363346776","https://openalex.org/W4205696264","https://openalex.org/W4381785485","https://openalex.org/W2079076598","https://openalex.org/W3200974137","https://openalex.org/W3013692990","https://openalex.org/W3093705468","https://openalex.org/W4313297017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"massive":[3],"multiple-input":[4],"multiple-output":[5],"(MIMO)":[6],"systems":[7],"typically":[8],"employ":[9],"hybrid":[10,52,94],"beamforming":[11],"architectures":[12,35],"to":[13,47,60,107],"reduce":[14],"the":[15,22,49,62,72,81,85,88,102,108,113,120],"number":[16],"of":[17,91],"radio-frequency":[18],"(RF)":[19],"chains,":[20,68],"thereby":[21],"cost":[23],"and":[24,66,77],"power":[25],"consumption":[26],"is":[27,75,105,124],"decreased.":[28],"Compared":[29],"with":[30],"fully":[31],"connected":[32],"architectures,":[33],"subconnected":[34,51,93],"provide":[36],"greater":[37],"energy":[38],"efficiency":[39,90,104],"in":[40,126],"general.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"devote":[46],"find":[48],"optimal":[50,73,121],"structure.":[53],"We":[54],"first":[55],"proposed":[56],"a":[57],"novel":[58],"model":[59],"describe":[61],"connections":[63],"between":[64],"antennas":[65],"RF":[67],"based":[69],"on":[70],"which":[71],"problem":[74],"formulated":[76],"solved":[78],"by":[79],"considering":[80],"channel":[82],"characteristics.":[83],"Meanwhile,":[84],"factors":[86],"affecting":[87],"spectral":[89,103],"diverse":[92],"structures":[95],"are":[96],"analysed.":[97],"Simulation":[98],"results":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101],"related":[106],"inter":[109,114],"antenna":[110,115],"spacing.":[111],"When":[112],"spacing":[116],"equals":[117],"half":[118],"wavelength,":[119],"interleaved":[122],"scheme":[123],"given":[125],"closed":[127],"form.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}