{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317892882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188","title":"Machine Learning Approach on Photoplethysmogram Morphology for Psychiatric Disorders Prediction","display_name":"Machine Learning Approach on Photoplethysmogram Morphology for Psychiatric Disorders Prediction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317892882","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 5th International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053353665","display_name":"Azwani Awang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Azwani Awang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067973102","display_name":"Nazrul Anuar Nayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazrul Anuar Nayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039439474","display_name":"Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-229X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799421553","display_name":"Hospital Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0nnh89","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799421553"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz,Dept. of Psychiatry,WP Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","Dept. of Psychiatry, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz,Dept. of Psychiatry,WP Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799421553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Psychiatry, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799421553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031012481","display_name":"Mohd Zubir Suboh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Zubir Suboh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047259077","display_name":"Khairul Anuar Abdul Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-8720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khairul Anuar A Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Tekninal Malaysia Melaka,Dept. of Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology,Malacca,Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Tekninal Malaysia Melaka,Dept. of Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology,Malacca,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070822865","display_name":"Siti Nor Ashikin Ismail","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Nor Ashikin Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi,Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053353665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14049593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8843874931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.6850927472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6716989278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6547578573226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5318177938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.5039040446281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49726489186286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4043057858943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3485727906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21942946314811707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8843874931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.6850927472114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6716989278793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6547578573226929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5318177938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.5039040446281433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49726489186286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4043057858943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3485727906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21942946314811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccspa55860.2022.10019188","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 5th International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and their Applications (ICCSPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W1989977532","https://openalex.org/W2035994160","https://openalex.org/W2049755262","https://openalex.org/W2069636918","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2557253647","https://openalex.org/W2621305451","https://openalex.org/W2760160110","https://openalex.org/W2773805362","https://openalex.org/W2785516689","https://openalex.org/W2788029111","https://openalex.org/W2801325359","https://openalex.org/W2886983335","https://openalex.org/W2901099183","https://openalex.org/W2910493201","https://openalex.org/W2927166626","https://openalex.org/W2929935816","https://openalex.org/W2943925269","https://openalex.org/W2955961229","https://openalex.org/W2977582011","https://openalex.org/W2983259674","https://openalex.org/W2985278202","https://openalex.org/W2995098893","https://openalex.org/W2999554324","https://openalex.org/W3007839853","https://openalex.org/W3008174509","https://openalex.org/W3029812539","https://openalex.org/W3030350170","https://openalex.org/W3048917943","https://openalex.org/W3095584532","https://openalex.org/W3101824250","https://openalex.org/W3104263526","https://openalex.org/W3109060695","https://openalex.org/W3115270071","https://openalex.org/W3123894539","https://openalex.org/W3125295053","https://openalex.org/W3163608763","https://openalex.org/W3172905624","https://openalex.org/W3193630181","https://openalex.org/W3197025106","https://openalex.org/W4212938324","https://openalex.org/W4233442160","https://openalex.org/W6760706080","https://openalex.org/W6808919636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W4200107443","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W2170552210","https://openalex.org/W4224922629","https://openalex.org/W2972949047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Psychiatric":[0],"disorders":[1],"(PDs)":[2],"interfere":[3],"with":[4,80],"one's":[5],"functioning":[6],"and":[7,17,68,82,92,109,159,173,178],"greatly":[8],"affect":[9],"a":[10,57,96,129,183],"person's":[11],"quality":[12],"of":[13,23,35,95,122,125,147,170],"life.":[14,53],"Prompt":[15],"diagnosis":[16],"intervention":[18],"at":[19],"the":[20,41,117,139,167],"early":[21],"stages":[22],"these":[24],"illnesses":[25],"are":[26,31],"important.":[27],"However,":[28],"most":[29],"people":[30],"oblivious":[32],"or":[33],"unaware":[34],"their":[36],"mental":[37],"health":[38],"status":[39],"as":[40],"symptoms":[42],"may":[43],"not":[44],"be":[45],"easily":[46],"recognizable.":[47],"Consequently,":[48],"complications":[49],"occur":[50],"later":[51],"in":[52],"In":[54],"this":[55],"study,":[56],"machine":[58,190],"learning":[59,191],"(ML)":[60],"approach":[61],"that":[62],"distinguishes":[63],"between":[64,116],"case":[65],"(PD-diagnosed":[66],"patients)":[67],"control":[69],"(healthy)":[70],"groups":[71],"was":[72,187],"developed":[73,188],"using":[74,189],"photoplethysmogram":[75],"(PPG)":[76],"morphology.":[77],"92":[78],"subjects":[79],"gender":[81],"age-matched":[83],"PPG":[84,102,194],"data":[85],"were":[86,104,112,142],"collected":[87],"during":[88],"two":[89,118],"phases;":[90],"baseline":[91],"stimulus":[93],"state":[94],"10-min":[97],"experiment.":[98],"60":[99],"features":[100,127,133],"from":[101,106,114,193],"morphology":[103,195],"extracted":[105,134],"each":[107],"phase,":[108],"another":[110],"30":[111],"obtained":[113],"differences":[115],"phases.":[119],"A":[120],"total":[121],"27":[123],"out":[124],"90":[126],"exhibited":[128],"significant":[130],"difference.":[131],"Twelve":[132],"by":[135,180],"heatmap":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138],"correlation":[140],"analysis":[141],"fed":[143],"to":[144],"five":[145],"types":[146],"ML":[148],"algorithms:":[149],"discrimination":[150],"analysis,":[151],"k-nearest":[152],"neighbor,":[153],"decision":[154],"tree,":[155],"support":[156],"vector":[157],"machine,":[158],"artificial":[160],"neural":[161],"network":[162],"(ANN).":[163],"The":[164],"results":[165],"showed":[166],"best":[168],"performance":[169],"92.86%,":[171],"100.00%,":[172],"96.43%":[174],"for":[175],"sensitivity,":[176],"specificity,":[177],"accuracy":[179],"ANN.":[181],"Thus,":[182],"PD":[184],"prediction":[185],"model":[186],"techniques":[192],"extraction.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}