{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403060350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463","title":"A Low Cost and User Friendly Graphical User Interface for Programmable and Flexible FES","display_name":"A Low Cost and User Friendly Graphical User Interface for Programmable and Flexible FES","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403060350","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 14th International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101132645","display_name":"Mazliza Abdul Halim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.A.M.A. Halim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035819049","display_name":"Emilia Noorsal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-0987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Noorsal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066637091","display_name":"Zakaria Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-2621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058280517","display_name":"Saiful Zaimy Yahaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.Z. Yahaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011137685","display_name":"A.N.A. Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2434-3468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.N.A. Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018395670","display_name":"Yusnita Mohd Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y.M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022252694","display_name":"Siti Zubaidah Md Saad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.Z.M. Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080984993","display_name":"Saharul Arof","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800727921","display_name":"Hospital Pulau Pinang","ror":"https://ror.org/024g0n729","country_code":"MY","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Arof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Studies, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,Pulau Pinang,Malaysia,13500","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101132645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800727921","https://openalex.org/I82724352"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23778736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"180","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.45089998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.45089998841285706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.3937000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7568180561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface","display_name":"Graphical user interface","score":0.6914253234863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-friendly","display_name":"User Friendly","score":0.6007781624794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.5437716841697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5072159767150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-user-interface-testing","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","score":0.4825693666934967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.46949270367622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4601465165615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface-design","display_name":"User interface design","score":0.36476874351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34013062715530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3320252299308777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7568180561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.6914253234863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61437842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281291","display_name":"User Friendly","level":2,"score":0.6007781624794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.5437716841697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5072159767150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66153210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597182","display_name":"Graphical user interface testing","level":4,"score":0.4825693666934967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.46949270367622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4601465165615082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149229913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135707","display_name":"User interface design","level":3,"score":0.36476874351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34013062715530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3320252299308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce61582.2024.10696463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 14th International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3012880116","https://openalex.org/W3119942460","https://openalex.org/W4294975295","https://openalex.org/W4384131187","https://openalex.org/W4389571737","https://openalex.org/W6729546293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3180179400","https://openalex.org/W2118366689","https://openalex.org/W2505786821","https://openalex.org/W2196724948","https://openalex.org/W2039055059","https://openalex.org/W2183494409","https://openalex.org/W2381088774","https://openalex.org/W963721989","https://openalex.org/W2042820267","https://openalex.org/W2116888309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,73],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,56,106,118],"development":[4],"and":[5,43,70,100,112,126,140],"testing":[6],"of":[7],"a":[8,16,60,76,90],"Tkinter-based":[9,119],"graphical":[10],"user":[11],"interface":[12,128],"(GUI)":[13],"for":[14,28,129],"controlling":[15],"functional":[17],"electrical":[18],"stimulation":[19],"(FES)":[20],"system.":[21],"The":[22,51],"FES":[23,53],"device,":[24],"which":[25,83],"is":[26,46],"used":[27],"individuals":[29],"with":[30,85,132],"spinal":[31],"cord":[32],"injuries":[33],"or":[34],"neurological":[35],"disorders":[36],"to":[37,66,95],"aid":[38],"muscle":[39],"re-education,":[40],"prevent":[41],"atrophy,":[42],"improve":[44],"circulation,":[45],"crucial":[47],"in":[48,55,122,136],"rehabilitation":[49],"exercise.":[50],"existing":[52],"devices":[54],"market":[57],"often":[58],"lack":[59],"user-friendly":[61,78],"interface,":[62],"require":[63],"complex":[64],"settings":[65],"generate":[67],"stimulus":[68],"pulse,":[69],"are":[71],"costly.":[72],"study":[74],"develops":[75],"low-cost,":[77],"GUI":[79],"using":[80,103],"Python\u2019s":[81],"Tkinter,":[82],"communicates":[84],"an":[86,124],"Arduino":[87],"microcontroller":[88],"via":[89],"COM":[91],"port,":[92],"allowing":[93],"users":[94],"adjust":[96],"various":[97],"waveform":[98,114,142],"types":[99],"parameters.":[101],"Validated":[102],"Proteus":[104],"simulation,":[105],"system":[107],"demonstrated":[108],"accurate":[109],"data":[110,138],"transfer":[111],"correct":[113],"generation.":[115],"Results":[116],"highlight":[117],"GUI\u2019s":[120],"effectiveness":[121],"providing":[123],"intuitive":[125],"efficient":[127],"biomedical":[130],"applications,":[131],"potential":[133],"future":[134],"enhancements":[135],"real-time":[137],"visualization":[139],"advanced":[141],"customization.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}