{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308407607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637","title":"Eye Contact Measurement using NAO Robot Vision for Autism Intervention","display_name":"Eye Contact Measurement using NAO Robot Vision for Autism Intervention","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308407607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109591010","display_name":"Muhammad Aliff Rosly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aliff Rosly","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu,Kampus Bukit Besi,Malaysia & School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia","School of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu,Kampus Bukit Besi,Malaysia & School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110089542","display_name":"Hanafiah Yussof","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanafiah Yussof","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,\nShah Alam, Malaysia","School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,\nShah Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029123109","display_name":"Syamimi Shamsuddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-0207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syamimi Shamsuddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084897046","display_name":"Nur Ismarrubie Zahari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-0957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Ismarrubie Zahari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Putra Malaysia,Faculty of Engineering,Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Putra Malaysia,Faculty of Engineering,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016693954","display_name":"Ahmad Zamir Che Daud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-155X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Zamir Che Daud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor\nKampus Puncak Alam, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor\nKampus Puncak Alam, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15106762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.6963294744491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.568995475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.5534319877624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.549781084060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5306320190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-contact","display_name":"Eye contact","score":0.46096181869506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-vision","display_name":"Robot vision","score":0.4375416040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.4214437007904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.40550392866134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.3554735481739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.33576974272727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1769046187400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.1221885085105896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.6963294744491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.568995475769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5534319877624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.549781084060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5306320190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183553116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633546","display_name":"Eye contact","level":2,"score":0.46096181869506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983761899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604674","display_name":"Robot vision","level":4,"score":0.4375416040420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.4214437007904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.40550392866134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.3554735481739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33576974272727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1769046187400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1221885085105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce54767.2022.9935637","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007384358","https://openalex.org/W2010794097","https://openalex.org/W2770305551","https://openalex.org/W2792635226","https://openalex.org/W2901182879","https://openalex.org/W2955269234","https://openalex.org/W2955382146","https://openalex.org/W3037711940","https://openalex.org/W3088881037","https://openalex.org/W3090794228"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602684","https://openalex.org/W4310092953","https://openalex.org/W2227393071","https://openalex.org/W4402326599","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W3114279067","https://openalex.org/W4387950264","https://openalex.org/W2006288243","https://openalex.org/W2047155493","https://openalex.org/W2005171629"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eye-tracking":[0],"is":[1,28,62,170,229],"regarded":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,26,92,163,192],"valuable":[5],"instrument":[6],"for":[7,49,143,152,162],"evaluating":[8],"intervention":[9,23],"programmes,":[10],"especially":[11],"those":[12],"in":[13,24],"the":[14,21,59,86,95,112,127,130,140,174,177,197,202,215,241,246,252],"social":[15],"or":[16,160,250],"communication":[17],"categories.":[18],"It":[19],"includes":[20],"robot-mediated":[22,38],"which":[25],"robot":[27,60,80,243],"utilised":[29],"to":[30,41,85,139,150,172,176,195],"converse":[31],"with":[32,133],"children":[33],"during":[34,155],"therapy.":[35],"Nevertheless,":[36],"recent":[37],"interventions":[39],"continue":[40],"measure":[42,100],"eye":[43,75,103,135,157],"contact":[44,76,104,136,158],"manually":[45],"using":[46,77],"video":[47,89,180],"recordings":[48],"evaluation":[50],"purposes.":[51],"Using":[52],"an":[53,78,168],"additional":[54],"measuring":[55,74],"device":[56],"other":[57],"than":[58],"itself":[61],"inefficient":[63],"without":[64],"exploring":[65],"its":[66],"advanced":[67],"robotics":[68],"capabilities.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"this":[71],"research":[72],"suggests":[73],"NAO":[79,96,242],"vision":[81],"and":[82,101,119,227],"compares":[83],"it":[84,236],"conventional":[87],"recorded":[88,179,248],"analysis.":[90],"During":[91],"therapy":[93],"session,":[94],"robot's":[97],"cameras":[98],"automatically":[99],"compute":[102],"data.":[105],"The":[106,117,145,185],"NAOqi":[107],"PeoplePerception":[108],"ALGazeAnalysis":[109],"API":[110],"analyses":[111],"detected":[113],"individual's":[114],"gaze":[115],"direction.":[116],"\u2018look\u2019":[118],"\u2018not":[120],"look\u2019":[121],"events":[122],"are":[123,255],"alternately":[124],"raised":[125],"till":[126],"end":[128],"of":[129,199],"module":[131],"time,":[132],"each":[134,183],"duration":[137],"added":[138],"total":[141],"sum":[142],"calculation.":[144],"code":[146],"has":[147],"been":[148],"improved":[149],"account":[151],"unnecessary":[153],"detection":[154],"momentary":[156],"aversion":[159],"glance":[161],"more":[164],"accurate":[165],"assessment.":[166],"Then,":[167],"experiment":[169],"undertaken":[171],"compare":[173],"measurement":[175],"traditional":[178,247],"approach":[181],"at":[182],"range.":[184],"ON":[186],"difference":[187,232],"data":[188],"were":[189],"plotted":[190],"on":[191],"Bland-Altman":[193],"graph":[194],"determine":[196],"degree":[198],"agreement":[200],"between":[201,233],"two":[203,253],"approaches.":[204],"Even":[205],"their":[206],"95":[207],"per":[208],"cent":[209],"confidence":[210],"intervals":[211],"fall":[212],"well":[213],"inside":[214],"maximum":[216],"variance":[217],"allowed.":[218],"This":[219],"indicates":[220],"that":[221,240,251],"both":[222],"methods":[223,254],"demonstrate":[224],"excellent":[225],"agreement,":[226],"there":[228],"no":[230],"noticeable":[231],"them.":[234],"Consequently,":[235],"may":[237],"be":[238],"argued":[239],"can":[244],"replace":[245],"methodology":[249],"interchangeable.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}