{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2786334952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","title":"Colour tracking technique by using pixy CMUcam5 for wheelchair luggage follower","display_name":"Colour tracking technique by using pixy CMUcam5 for wheelchair luggage follower","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2786334952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","mag":"2786334952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 7th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650388","display_name":"M. F. Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3405-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. F. Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066374038","display_name":"Hanxiao Rong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Rong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030846349","display_name":"S. S. N. Alhady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-0238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. S. N. Alhady","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051196219","display_name":"Wan Rahiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan Rahiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065997186","display_name":"W. A. F. W. Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-3271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. A. F. W. Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78607446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.8443341851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servomotor","display_name":"Servomotor","score":0.7155323028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.7033164501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.6830836534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.603523850440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/servo","display_name":"Servo","score":0.509613037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.4824431538581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4347068965435028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-controller","display_name":"Motor controller","score":0.43031543493270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4167901575565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-motor","display_name":"DC motor","score":0.4114891290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3592778742313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34222692251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.3289998173713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30712056159973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28366726636886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21974751353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.16753005981445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10039332509040833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.8443341851234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109441226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137255","display_name":"Servomotor","level":2,"score":0.7155323028564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.7033164501190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.6830836534500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.603523850440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107354338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937153","display_name":"Servo","level":2,"score":0.509613037109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.4824431538581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4347068965435028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4848560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326752","display_name":"Motor controller","level":3,"score":0.43031543493270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4167901575565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76684090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3842034","display_name":"DC motor","level":2,"score":0.4114891290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3592778742313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34222692251205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.3289998173713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30712056159973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28366726636886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21974751353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.16753005981445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10039332509040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce.2017.8284402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 7th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493673977","https://openalex.org/W2006501180","https://openalex.org/W2051196540","https://openalex.org/W2055027199","https://openalex.org/W2082991751","https://openalex.org/W2121578789","https://openalex.org/W2552387468","https://openalex.org/W2611308230","https://openalex.org/W2619087636","https://openalex.org/W2622090364","https://openalex.org/W6629557027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202551144","https://openalex.org/W3119148404","https://openalex.org/W3215672329","https://openalex.org/W4205763457","https://openalex.org/W1969360890","https://openalex.org/W2097451273","https://openalex.org/W16857476","https://openalex.org/W2359834440","https://openalex.org/W3007403189","https://openalex.org/W2361596702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wheelchair":[0],"user":[1,29],"will":[2,15],"face":[3],"various":[4],"challenges":[5],"during":[6],"travelling":[7],"from":[8,162],"one":[9],"destination":[10],"to":[11,18,30,35,88,118,131,199],"another.":[12],"Their":[13],"hands":[14],"be":[16],"required":[17],"maneuver":[19],"the":[20,32,40,54,99,105,112,120,123,156,163,177,180,183,190,201,211,220],"wheelchair":[21,28,41,57],"around.":[22],"It":[23],"is":[24,48,62,86,98,116,142,150,174,185,214,226,232,240],"difficult":[25],"for":[26,56,219,243],"a":[27,224,230],"identify":[31,200],"appropriate":[33],"location":[34],"place":[36],"their":[37],"luggage":[38,44],"within":[39],"itself.":[42],"Therefore,":[43],"carrying":[45],"following":[46],"cart":[47],"an":[49,235],"initiative":[50],"that":[51,102],"could":[52],"lighten":[53],"burden":[55],"users.":[58],"The":[59,136,165,207,216],"method":[60],"used":[61,87,117,130],"via":[63],"colour":[64,90],"tracking":[65,91,148,238],"system":[66,239],"using":[67],"Pixy":[68,83,171],"CMUcam5":[69,84,172],"sensor,":[70],"Arduino":[71,96],"MEGA":[72,97],"microcontroller,":[73],"ultrasonic":[74,127,191,212],"sensors,":[75],"servo":[76,194,221],"motor,":[77],"motor":[78,115,141,145,195,222],"driver":[79],"and":[80,107,160,182,193,203],"transaxle":[81,140],"motor.":[82],"sensor":[85,173,181],"perform":[89,132],"on":[92,111,152,210],"target":[93,157,184,237],"of":[94,122,139,155,158,167,170],"interest.":[95],"main":[100],"microcontroller":[101],"controls":[103],"all":[104],"input":[106],"output":[108],"data":[109],"based":[110,151],"program.":[113],"Servo":[114],"steer":[119],"direction":[121],"front":[124],"wheel":[125],"while":[126,228],"sensors":[128,192,213],"are":[129,196],"obstacles":[133],"avoidance":[134],"task.":[135],"movement":[137],"control":[138],"performed":[143],"through":[144],"driver.":[146],"Colour":[147],"technique":[149],"surface":[153],"area":[154],"interest":[159],"brightness":[161],"background.":[164],"field":[166],"view":[168],"(FOV)":[169],"73.98\u00b0":[175],"when":[176],"distance":[178],"between":[179],"at":[186],"1.50m.":[187],"In":[188],"addition,":[189],"also":[197],"discussed":[198],"performance":[202],"its":[204],"sensitivity":[205],"respectively.":[206],"maximum":[208],"error":[209,218],"2.00%.":[215],"percentage":[217],"without":[223],"load":[225,231],"1.58%":[227],"with":[229],"15.74%.":[233],"Lastly,":[234],"effective":[236],"successfully":[241],"designed":[242],"this":[244],"project.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
