{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313459292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800","title":"Use of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Hate Speech Detection","display_name":"Use of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Hate Speech Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313459292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007834543","display_name":"Muhammad Sohail Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2107-5089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43729321","display_name":"National College of Business Administration and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02my4wj17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Sohail Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College of Business Administration University,Computer Science Department,Lahore,Pakistan","Computer Science Department, National College of Business Administration University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College of Business Administration University,Computer Science Department,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, National College of Business Administration University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108556423","display_name":"Kausar Parveen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43729321","display_name":"National College of Business Administration and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02my4wj17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kausar Parveen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College of Business Administration University,Computer Science Department,Lahore,Pakistan","Computer Science Department, National College of Business Administration University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College of Business Administration University,Computer Science Department,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, National College of Business Administration University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771079","display_name":"Umer Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-0111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105419","display_name":"Lahore Garrison University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4ba358","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore Garrison university,Department of computer Science,Lahore","Department of computer Science, Lahore Garrison university, Lahore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore Garrison university,Department of computer Science,Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of computer Science, Lahore Garrison university, Lahore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066945309","display_name":"Khaled Shaalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0823-8390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193260172","display_name":"British University in Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/00mc18523","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193260172"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Shaalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and IT, The British University in Dubai,United Arab Emirates","Faculty of Engineering and IT, The British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, The British University in Dubai,United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193260172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and IT, The British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193260172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059870205","display_name":"Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-6454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91600406","display_name":"American University in the Emirates","ror":"https://ror.org/056c6h780","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91600406"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abedallah Zaid Abualkishik","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University in the Emirates (AUE),Department chair of Information Technology Management","Department chair of Information Technology Management, American University in the Emirates (AUE)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University in the Emirates (AUE),Department chair of Information Technology Management","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91600406"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department chair of Information Technology Management, American University in the Emirates (AUE)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91600406"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044354622","display_name":"Abdul Salam Mohammed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799888298","display_name":"Skyline University College","ror":"https://ror.org/05r7nbf33","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Salam Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Skyline university,Sharjah,UAE","Skyline university, Sharjah, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skyline university,Sharjah,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Skyline university, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799888298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007834543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43729321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53312864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9081000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7373450994491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.61589515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5886658430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5750397443771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5729174017906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bigram","display_name":"Bigram","score":0.5574039816856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.5281089544296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5246185064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45140963792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.4512183666229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-activity-detection","display_name":"Voice activity detection","score":0.4395187497138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3599940836429596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.3132113218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.22489288449287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2174900472164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigram","display_name":"Trigram","score":0.12531673908233643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7373450994491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.61589515209198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5886658430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5750397443771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5729174017906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108757681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2773912","display_name":"Bigram","level":3,"score":0.5574039816856384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.5281089544296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5246185064315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45140963792800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.4512183666229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.4395187497138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3599940836429596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3132113218307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.22489288449287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2174900472164154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137546455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3213474","display_name":"Trigram","level":2,"score":0.12531673908233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173084154","https://openalex.org/W2982021180","https://openalex.org/W2251497876","https://openalex.org/W2241081188","https://openalex.org/W2128567707","https://openalex.org/W2011383762","https://openalex.org/W2035962958","https://openalex.org/W2146546639","https://openalex.org/W4327499987","https://openalex.org/W2101357962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,41],"the":[1,5,32,42,45,132,199],"speedy":[2],"advancement":[3,46],"of":[4,11,47,106,134,201],"web,":[6],"a":[7,189],"consistently":[8],"expanding":[9],"number":[10],"people":[12],"that":[13,113,166],"utilize":[14],"online":[15],"social":[16,24,60],"media.":[17],"Subsequently,":[18],"hate":[19,33,50,79,195],"speech":[20,34,51,196],"becomes":[21,53],"uncontrolled":[22],"in":[23],"media,":[25],"and":[26,35,44,65,77,95,111,119,145,156],"it":[27,37,39],"is":[28,101,138],"critical":[29],"to":[30,75,103,139,147,193,212],"group":[31],"control":[36],"before":[38],"spread.":[40],"presentation":[43],"deep":[48,72],"learning,":[49],"recognition":[52],"practice.":[54],"Many":[55],"examinations":[56],"use":[57],"information":[58],"from":[59],"platforms,":[61],"for":[62,217],"example,":[63],"Twitter":[64],"Facebook":[66],"along":[67],"with":[68,168,173],"machine":[69],"learning":[70,73],"or":[71,127,143],"advances":[74],"identify":[76],"perceive":[78],"speech.":[80],"In":[81],"any":[82],"case,":[83],"there":[84],"are":[85],"insufficient":[86],"surveys":[87],"about":[88],"this":[89,135,157],"area.":[90],"After":[91],"studying":[92],"various":[93,202],"article's":[94],"research":[96,136,163,178],"papers,":[97],"no":[98],"such":[99],"review":[100],"available":[102],"see":[104],"assortment":[105],"feature":[107,116],"extraction/engineering":[108,117],"methods":[109],"(FEM)":[110],"ML-Algorithms":[112,120],"assess,":[114],"which":[115],"procedure":[118],"can":[121,185],"perform":[122],"better":[123,172],"on":[124,151,192],"open":[125],"source":[126],"openly":[128,153],"accessible":[129,154],"dataset.":[130],"Thus,":[131],"purpose":[133],"paper":[137,179],"look":[140,213],"at":[141,214],"3-FET":[142],"strategies":[144,211],"8-ML-Algorithums":[146],"assess":[148],"their":[149],"performance":[150],"an":[152],"dataset":[155,158],"has":[159],"3":[160],"classes.":[161],"The":[162],"outcomes":[164],"exhibited":[165],"SVM-Algorithm":[167],"BIGRAM":[169],"features":[170],"performed":[171],"almost":[174],"80%":[175],"accuracy.":[176],"This":[177],"shows":[180],"viable":[181],"ramifications":[182],"what's":[183],"more,":[184],"be":[186,205],"used":[187],"as":[188,207],"gauge":[190],"concentrate":[191],"identifying":[194],"communications/messages.":[197],"Also,":[198],"result":[200],"correlations":[203],"will":[204],"utilized":[206],"condition":[208],"of-":[209],"workmanship":[210],"future":[215],"explores":[216],"existing":[218],"mechanized":[219],"text":[220],"classification":[221],"procedures.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
