{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313459370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741","title":"Understanding Dark Web: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Understanding Dark Web: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313459370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050446575","display_name":"Tamer Mohamed Abdellatif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-9781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186129607","display_name":"Canadian University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/029zgsn59","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Mohamed Abdellatif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian University,Faculty of Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology,Dubai,UAE","Faculty of Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology, Canadian University, Dubai, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian University,Faculty of Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology,Dubai,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology, Canadian University, Dubai, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022386194","display_name":"Raed A. Said","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186129607","display_name":"Canadian University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/029zgsn59","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed A. Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian University,Faculty of Management,UAE","Faculty of Management, Canadian University, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian University,Faculty of Management,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Management, Canadian University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037528486","display_name":"Taher M. Ghazal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0672-7924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taher M. Ghazal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43600"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Bangi,Selangor,Malaysia,43600","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050446575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186129607"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4565,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85165313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6620884537696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5587102770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-analytics","display_name":"Web analytics","score":0.5037268996238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-rift","display_name":"Great Rift","score":0.49940037727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4905823767185211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.474839985370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-web","display_name":"Deep Web","score":0.46341246366500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.45706266164779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"Social network analysis","score":0.44867703318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.44272521138191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4299439787864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.37448281049728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.3026609420776367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6620884537696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5587102770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516187249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10719477","display_name":"Web analytics","level":5,"score":0.5037268996238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99394141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1085203","display_name":"Great Rift","level":2,"score":0.49940037727355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4905823767185211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.474839985370636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46721378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221989","display_name":"Deep Web","level":3,"score":0.46341246366500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.45706266164779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.44867703318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.44272521138191223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4299439787864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.37448281049728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.3026609420776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccr56254.2022.9995741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608155","display_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Cyber Resilience (ICCR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971772795","https://openalex.org/W1976950011","https://openalex.org/W2010186485","https://openalex.org/W2010965922","https://openalex.org/W2018016287","https://openalex.org/W2022133406","https://openalex.org/W2023239346","https://openalex.org/W2045783431","https://openalex.org/W2049092543","https://openalex.org/W2060296418","https://openalex.org/W2069702993","https://openalex.org/W2074291921","https://openalex.org/W2082180526","https://openalex.org/W2097470225","https://openalex.org/W2101990031","https://openalex.org/W2102743174","https://openalex.org/W2105707442","https://openalex.org/W2113341218","https://openalex.org/W2117237781","https://openalex.org/W2119786279","https://openalex.org/W2121003579","https://openalex.org/W2129066895","https://openalex.org/W2133385528","https://openalex.org/W2137428431","https://openalex.org/W2141696017","https://openalex.org/W2153544841","https://openalex.org/W2158295279","https://openalex.org/W2159516002","https://openalex.org/W2736010381","https://openalex.org/W2927107250","https://openalex.org/W2950595382","https://openalex.org/W2995778455","https://openalex.org/W2997433616","https://openalex.org/W3004507643","https://openalex.org/W3037826251","https://openalex.org/W3039038949","https://openalex.org/W3107338991","https://openalex.org/W3199136933","https://openalex.org/W3203358497","https://openalex.org/W3207872601","https://openalex.org/W4200616942","https://openalex.org/W4205555939","https://openalex.org/W4205850410","https://openalex.org/W4205867314","https://openalex.org/W4223992687","https://openalex.org/W4224920825","https://openalex.org/W4224940374","https://openalex.org/W4285394323","https://openalex.org/W6773761492","https://openalex.org/W6785956915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605071128","https://openalex.org/W2913452075","https://openalex.org/W2898062206","https://openalex.org/W3005817867","https://openalex.org/W4387339276","https://openalex.org/W2016596278","https://openalex.org/W1566985031","https://openalex.org/W3140034589","https://openalex.org/W3037157331","https://openalex.org/W4214947963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web":[0,3],"evolution":[1],"and":[2,10,27,42,56,97,109,124,179,182,250],"2.0":[4],"social":[5,43],"media":[6],"tools":[7,20],"facilitate":[8],"communication":[9,36,64],"support":[11],"the":[12,16,70,77,81,93,122,135,143,164,172,176,180,185,196,205,213,218,223,236,261],"online":[13],"economy.":[14],"On":[15],"other":[17],"hand,":[18],"these":[19,34],"are":[21,67,212,243],"actively":[22],"used":[23,167],"by":[24,69,233],"extremist,":[25],"terrorist":[26],"criminal":[28],"groups.":[29],"These":[30],"malicious":[31,54,74],"groups":[32],"use":[33],"new":[35,50,71],"channels,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"forums,":[40],"blogs":[41],"networks,":[44],"to":[45,105,120,141,168,245,259],"spread":[46],"their":[47,53,58,254,264],"ideologies,":[48],"recruit":[49],"members,":[51],"market":[52],"goods":[55],"raise":[57],"funds.":[59],"They":[60],"rely":[61],"on":[62,160,201],"anonymous":[63],"methods":[65],"that":[66,193,209],"provided":[68],"Web.":[72],"This":[73,147],"part":[75],"of":[76,153,184,195,225,235,263],"web":[78,85,130,198,279],"is":[79,158,222],"called":[80],"\u201cdark":[82],"web\u201d.":[83],"Dark":[84],"analysis":[86,174,280],"became":[87],"an":[88],"active":[89],"research":[90,99,126,137,165,199,275,287],"area":[91],"in":[92,103,128,139,253,257,277],"last":[94],"few":[95],"decades,":[96],"multiple":[98],"studies":[100,151],"were":[101],"conducted":[102,115],"order":[104,140,258],"understand":[106],"our":[107,269],"enemy":[108],"plan":[110],"for":[111,285],"counteract.":[112],"We":[113,132],"have":[114,133,191,207],"a":[116,240],"systematic":[117,156],"literature":[118],"review":[119,157,189,270],"identify":[121],"state-of-art":[123],"open":[125,274],"areas":[127,276],"dark":[129,170,197,278],"analysis.":[131,203],"filtered":[134],"available":[136,186],"papers":[138],"obtain":[142],"most":[144,194,214,219,234],"relevant":[145,237],"work.":[146,187,288],"filtration":[148],"yielded":[149],"28":[150],"out":[152],"370.":[154],"Our":[155,188],"based":[159],"four":[161],"main":[162],"factors:":[163],"trends":[166],"analyze":[169],"web,":[171],"employed":[173],"techniques,":[175],"analyzed":[177,215],"artifacts,":[178],"accuracy":[181,228],"confidence":[183,262],"results":[190,206],"shown":[192,208],"relies":[200],"content":[202],"Also,":[204,217],"forum":[210],"threads":[211],"artifacts.":[216],"significant":[220],"observation":[221],"lack":[224],"applying":[226],"any":[227],"metrics":[229,249],"or":[230],"validation":[231,251],"techniques":[232,252],"studies.":[238],"As":[239],"result,":[241],"researchers":[242],"advised":[244],"consider":[246],"using":[247],"acceptance":[248],"future":[255,286],"work":[256],"guarantee":[260],"study":[265],"results.":[266],"In":[267],"addition,":[268],"has":[271],"identified":[272],"some":[273],"which":[281],"can":[282],"be":[283],"considered":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-19T04:01:09.351973","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
