{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135194780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154","title":"Rootalyx: Stealthy Dynamic Analysis for Linux Malware using Kernel-Level Instrumentation and a Hybrid LSTM-Transformer Model","display_name":"Rootalyx: Stealthy Dynamic Analysis for Linux Malware using Kernel-Level Instrumentation and a Hybrid LSTM-Transformer Model","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135194780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082560144","display_name":"Doru Lese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158333966","display_name":"Technical University of Cluj-Napoca","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8nwp71","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Doru Le\u015fe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016497744","display_name":"Andrei Santoma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158333966","display_name":"Technical University of Cluj-Napoca","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8nwp71","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei S\u00e2ntoma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005899068","display_name":"Ciprian Opri\u015fa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-1470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158333966","display_name":"Technical University of Cluj-Napoca","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8nwp71","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciprian Opri\u015fa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cluj-Napoca,Computer Science Department Technical,Cluj-Napoca,Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082560144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158333966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79687545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.29649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.29649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.27239999175071716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.11829999834299088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.2694999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118530786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134732","display_name":"Instrumentation (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp68926.2025.11427154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549154409","https://openalex.org/W2034129977","https://openalex.org/W2074402628","https://openalex.org/W2145688371","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2972552958","https://openalex.org/W3046095324","https://openalex.org/W3168412632","https://openalex.org/W4400060106","https://openalex.org/W4403760099","https://openalex.org/W4407403777"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,20,42,76,89,123,127],"design":[4],"and":[5,28,78,104],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,22,120,129],"a":[8,37,56,71,117],"stealthy":[9],"dynamic":[10],"analysis":[11],"environment":[12],"for":[13,81,100,133],"Linux,":[14],"named":[15],"Rootalyx.":[16],"The":[17,60,112],"system":[18,47,65,91],"addresses":[19],"challenge":[21],"evasive":[23],"malware":[24,83,135],"that":[25,40,88],"can":[26],"detect":[27],"circumvent":[29],"traditional":[30,98],"monitoring":[31,101,132],"tools.":[32],"Its":[33],"core":[34],"component":[35],"is":[36,68],"kernel":[38],"module":[39],"uses":[41],"ftrace":[43],"subsystem":[44],"to":[45,54,97],"instrument":[46],"calls,":[48],"integrated":[49],"with":[50],"rootkitinspired":[51],"hiding":[52],"techniques":[53],"ensure":[55],"covert":[57],"operational":[58],"profile.":[59],"collected":[61],"behavioral":[62],"data,":[63,125],"including":[64],"call":[66],"arguments,":[67],"processed":[69],"by":[70,108],"hierarchical":[72],"hybrid":[73],"model":[74,115],"combining":[75],"LSTM":[77],"Transformer":[79],"architectures":[80],"automated":[82],"classification.":[84],"Experimental":[85],"results":[86],"show":[87],"proposed":[90],"introduces":[92],"lower":[93],"performance":[94],"overhead":[95],"compared":[96],"tools":[99],"like":[102],"strace":[103],"successfully":[105],"evades":[106],"detection":[107],"common":[109],"security":[110],"scanners.":[111],"machine":[113],"learning":[114],"achieves":[116],"classification":[118],"accuracy":[119],"80.34%":[121],"on":[122],"extracted":[124],"validating":[126],"viability":[128],"kernel-level":[130],"stealth":[131],"robust":[134],"analysis.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T07:15:06.534987","created_date":"2026-03-14T00:00:00"}