{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255593887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699","title":"Framework for safety assessment of autonomous driving functions up to SAE level 5 by self-learning iteratively improving control loops between development, safety and field life cycle phases","display_name":"Framework for safety assessment of autonomous driving functions up to SAE level 5 by self-learning iteratively improving control loops between development, safety and field life cycle phases","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255593887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047343453","display_name":"Ivo H\u00e4ring","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-6133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801198184","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/00csq2k70","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ivo H\u00e4ring","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072163470","display_name":"Florian L\u00fcttner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8485-4934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801198184","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/00csq2k70","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian L\u00fcttner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037730116","display_name":"Andreas Frorath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801198184","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/00csq2k70","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Frorath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029759852","display_name":"Miriam Fehling-Kaschek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801198184","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/00csq2k70","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miriam Fehling-Kaschek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061407897","display_name":"Katharina Ro\u00df","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801198184","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut","ror":"https://ror.org/00csq2k70","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer EMI,Efringen-Kirchen,Germany,79588","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047689514","display_name":"Thomas Schamm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Schamm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061397089","display_name":"Steffen Knoop","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steffen Knoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103057597","display_name":"Daniel Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1627-5790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043760254","display_name":"Andreas Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-0027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889804353","display_name":"Robert Bosch (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01fe0jt45","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert Bosch GmbH,Renningen,Germany,71272","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889804353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070014170","display_name":"Ji Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7768-7320"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiangDao GmbH,M&#x00FC;nchen,Germany,80539"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiangDao GmbH,M&#x00FC;nchen,Germany,80539","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112101284","display_name":"Yang Zheng-xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxiong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LiangDao GmbH,M&#x00FC;nchen,Germany,80539"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LiangDao GmbH,M&#x00FC;nchen,Germany,80539","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084677822","display_name":"Armin Rupalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Rupalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["RA Consulting GmbH,Bruchsal,Germany,76646"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RA Consulting GmbH,Bruchsal,Germany,76646","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113922852","display_name":"Frank Hantschel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Hantschel","raw_affiliation_strings":["RA Consulting GmbH,Bruchsal,Germany,76646"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RA Consulting GmbH,Bruchsal,Germany,76646","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052936510","display_name":"Michael Frey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1452-1360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Frey","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016398522","display_name":"Norbert Wiechowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbert Wiechowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mindmotiv GmbH,Aachen,Germany,52074"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mindmotiv GmbH,Aachen,Germany,52074","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015131765","display_name":"Christian Schyr","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schyr","raw_affiliation_strings":["AVL Deutschland GmbH,Karlsruhe,Germany,76229"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AVL Deutschland GmbH,Karlsruhe,Germany,76229","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066299905","display_name":"Daniel Grimm","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Grimm","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087344838","display_name":"Marc Ren\u00e9 Zofka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Ren\u00e9 Zofka","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051095305","display_name":"Alexander Viehl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Viehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany,76131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":19,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047343453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801198184"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3348,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60806476,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.925000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6341533660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6040771007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5509268641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5247492790222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5227277874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.48567163944244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4308122992515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.42112842202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40479233860969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3245600163936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2255707085132599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.1827256977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08673927187919617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6341533660888672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6040771007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5509268641471863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5247492790222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5227277874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.48567163944244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4308122992515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.42112842202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40479233860969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3245600163936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2255707085132599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.1827256977558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08673927187919617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccp53602.2021.9733699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/417864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/417864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100668822","https://openalex.org/W2157123922","https://openalex.org/W2460640615","https://openalex.org/W2493603909","https://openalex.org/W2525936901","https://openalex.org/W2605751614","https://openalex.org/W2743390892","https://openalex.org/W2773796004","https://openalex.org/W2787340708","https://openalex.org/W2888761931","https://openalex.org/W2906805076","https://openalex.org/W2921739743","https://openalex.org/W2924713629","https://openalex.org/W2945434604","https://openalex.org/W2945507108","https://openalex.org/W2946647719","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2962752734","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2969190039","https://openalex.org/W2970226826","https://openalex.org/W2970530432","https://openalex.org/W2972141215","https://openalex.org/W2980482960","https://openalex.org/W3011590887","https://openalex.org/W3016715605","https://openalex.org/W3047332225","https://openalex.org/W3048332168","https://openalex.org/W3080700777","https://openalex.org/W3089756992","https://openalex.org/W3091250492","https://openalex.org/W3094053086","https://openalex.org/W3108486966","https://openalex.org/W3110923198","https://openalex.org/W3112457690","https://openalex.org/W3117054268","https://openalex.org/W3118743547","https://openalex.org/W3123931390","https://openalex.org/W3190994148","https://openalex.org/W4239663527","https://openalex.org/W4287685696","https://openalex.org/W6723137354","https://openalex.org/W6760346485","https://openalex.org/W6764947442","https://openalex.org/W6767573183","https://openalex.org/W6781958870","https://openalex.org/W6782088249","https://openalex.org/W6799769603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232403550","https://openalex.org/W623607250","https://openalex.org/W4245429118","https://openalex.org/W4205110281","https://openalex.org/W4212927854","https://openalex.org/W4211151614","https://openalex.org/W4244798043","https://openalex.org/W4361866086","https://openalex.org/W4251969024","https://openalex.org/W4250793136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"verification":[1,33],"and":[2,32,39,42,59,71,82,106,127,189,195],"validation":[3],"of":[4,84,144,155,165,187,197],"autonomous":[5,145],"driving":[6,146],"functions":[7,167],"up":[8],"to":[9,116,140],"SAE":[10],"level":[11],"5":[12],"pose":[13],"enormous":[14],"challenges":[15],"for":[16,132,183,192],"car":[17],"manufacturers.":[18],"The":[19,49,149,175],"paper":[20],"argues":[21],"that":[22,35,77],"efficient":[23,185],"improvement":[24,83,134,173],"opportunities":[25],"arise":[26],"by":[27,179],"suitably":[28],"combining":[29],"iterative":[30,80],"development":[31,54,163],"processes":[34],"use":[36],"self-learning":[37],"approaches":[38,157],"well-defined":[40],"quality":[41],"convergence":[43],"criteria":[44],"within":[45,103,161],"a":[46],"conceptual":[47],"framework.":[48],"following":[50],"cycles":[51,110],"are":[52,68,75,94,136],"used:":[53],"cycle,":[55],"safety":[56,142],"life":[57,61],"cycle":[58,105],"field":[60],"cycle.":[62],"For":[63,88],"these":[64],"cycles,":[65],"suitable":[66],"phases":[67,93],"first":[69],"identified":[70],"defined.":[72],"Then":[73],"linkages":[74],"given":[76],"enable":[78],"criteria-based":[79],"execution":[81],"selected":[85,92],"combined":[86],"phases.":[87],"this":[89],"purpose,":[90],"the":[91,117,133,162,184,193],"further":[95,172],"resolved.":[96],"It":[97],"is":[98,177],"distinguished":[99],"between":[100,108],"local":[101],"loops":[102,107,135],"one":[104],"several":[109],"as":[111,113,168,170],"well":[112,169],"with":[114],"respect":[115],"time":[118],"horizon":[119],"they":[120],"cover.":[121],"Suitable":[122],"sample":[123],"machine":[124],"learning":[125],"(ML)":[126],"artificial":[128],"intelligence":[129],"(AI)":[130],"methods":[131],"proposed":[137],"in":[138],"order":[139],"improve":[141],"assessment":[143,196],"(AD)":[147],"functions.":[148,199],"article":[150],"presents":[151],"three":[152],"different":[153],"types":[154],"ML/AI":[156,180],"regarding":[158],"their":[159],"usage":[160],"process":[164],"AD":[166,198],"identifies":[171],"potentials.":[174],"approach":[176,181],"illustrated":[178],"examples":[182],"provision":[186],"relevant":[188],"critical":[190],"scenarios":[191],"training":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
