{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2308925849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","title":"Sigma-delta PWM waveforms for optical front-hauling","display_name":"Sigma-delta PWM waveforms for optical front-hauling","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2308925849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","mag":"2308925849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498049","display_name":"2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080131627","display_name":"Lorenzo Combi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-4385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Combi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038079686","display_name":"Umberto Spagnolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7047-2455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Spagnolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dip. Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62144479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.7804670929908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6557755470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.647494375705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.5995345711708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.5757195949554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.535118818283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5171725153923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.505429744720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4262334406375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3731284737586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.327783465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31746575236320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.31004589796066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2379881739616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.11359262466430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.09804785251617432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.7804670929908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6557755470275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.647494375705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.5995345711708069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.5757195949554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.535118818283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5171725153923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.505429744720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4262334406375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3731284737586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.327783465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31746575236320496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.31004589796066284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2379881739616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.11359262466430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.09804785251617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2016.7440614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498049","display_name":"2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/989018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/989018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1768189163","https://openalex.org/W1981586697","https://openalex.org/W2057691110","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2134820395","https://openalex.org/W2292147485","https://openalex.org/W4205102485","https://openalex.org/W4255407283","https://openalex.org/W6637998602"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040229502","https://openalex.org/W1580014081","https://openalex.org/W2421111280","https://openalex.org/W2097165798","https://openalex.org/W1497881430","https://openalex.org/W2599174517","https://openalex.org/W2117483815","https://openalex.org/W2170102475","https://openalex.org/W3175904419","https://openalex.org/W2545192519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127,150],"optical":[1,91,106],"links":[2],"is":[3,27,40,97,118,125,159],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,23,35,54,61,76,104,111,136,179],"the":[6,20,24,36,48,52,58,66,74,82,95,102,112,122,133],"driving":[7],"enablers":[8],"distributed":[10],"antennas":[11],"systems":[12],"for":[13,90,156,166,175],"future":[14],"radio":[15],"access":[16],"networks":[17],"(RAN).":[18],"However,":[19],"increasing":[21],"demand":[22],"wireless":[25],"band-width":[26],"a":[28,153],"strong":[29],"push":[30],"toward":[31],"an":[32],"efficient":[33],"usage":[34],"fiber":[37,113],"whose":[38],"bandwidth":[39,55],"large,":[41],"but":[42],"not":[43],"unlimited":[44],"mainly":[45],"if":[46],"considering":[47],"electronics.":[49],"Examples":[50],"in":[51,147],"direction":[53],"parsimony":[56],"are":[57],"analog":[59,77],"relaying":[60],"RAN":[62,78,167],"signals":[63,79],"according":[64],"to":[65,145,162],"radio-over-fiber":[67],"paradigm.":[68],"In":[69],"this":[70,180],"paper":[71,151],"we":[72],"propose":[73],"transport":[75],"by":[80],"employing":[81],"pulse":[83],"width":[84],"modulation":[85],"(PWM)":[86],"as":[87],"novel":[88,181],"waveform":[89],"front-hauling.":[92,182],"At":[93],"transmitter":[94],"radio-signal":[96],"sampled":[98],"and":[99,143],"mapped":[100],"onto":[101],"duration":[103],"on/off":[105],"signal,":[107],"at":[108],"receiving":[109],"end":[110],"each":[114],"PW":[115],"modulated":[116],"sample":[117],"digitized":[119],"so":[120],"that":[121,139,158],"overall":[123],"communication":[124],"transparent.":[126],"key":[128],"contribution":[129],"here":[130],"stems":[131],"from":[132],"noise-rejection":[134],"capability":[135],"closed-loop":[137],"PWM":[138,157],"trades":[140],"some":[141,173],"oversampling":[142],"filtering":[144],"gain":[146],"signal":[148],"quality.":[149],"proposes":[152],"Sigma-Delta":[154],"structure":[155],"purposely":[160],"designed":[161],"trade":[163],"these":[164],"benefits":[165],"front-hauling":[168],"architecture.":[169],"Simulation":[170],"results":[171],"provide":[172],"room":[174],"discussion":[176],"on":[177],"pros/cons":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}