{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1581319160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","title":"A personalized two-tier cloaking scheme for privacy-aware location-based services","display_name":"A personalized two-tier cloaking scheme for privacy-aware location-based services","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1581319160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","mag":"1581319160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497949","display_name":"2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024053576","display_name":"Ben Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ben Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100522587","display_name":"Xiaoyan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025706969","display_name":"Weihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7920-4692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024453724","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-7169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103246851","display_name":"Yingjuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-6203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089642905","display_name":"Zongqing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-2704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongqing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Integrated Networks Services, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024053576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9057715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloaking","display_name":"Cloaking","score":0.9583562612533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8110924959182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.6576077938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.6489409804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6052019596099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.49235761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.466079443693161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4477781653404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4112263321876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3876079320907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2704707980155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12490671873092651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62973154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868018","display_name":"Cloaking","level":3,"score":0.9583562612533569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8110924959182739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.6576077938079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.6489409804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6052019596099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.49235761165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.466079443693161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4477781653404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4112263321876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3876079320907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2704707980155945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12490671873092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2015.7069322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497949","display_name":"2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1689932539","https://openalex.org/W1965660590","https://openalex.org/W1966517804","https://openalex.org/W1967321783","https://openalex.org/W1982590063","https://openalex.org/W2002757416","https://openalex.org/W2003223897","https://openalex.org/W2033277733","https://openalex.org/W2040591988","https://openalex.org/W2051748007","https://openalex.org/W2056773559","https://openalex.org/W2070974188","https://openalex.org/W2074149673","https://openalex.org/W2080507603","https://openalex.org/W2089959302","https://openalex.org/W2090168469","https://openalex.org/W2092038386","https://openalex.org/W2096899416","https://openalex.org/W2108977379","https://openalex.org/W2133286823","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2134479759","https://openalex.org/W2139223971","https://openalex.org/W2153248811","https://openalex.org/W2154851771","https://openalex.org/W2159024459","https://openalex.org/W2622005089","https://openalex.org/W6641532654","https://openalex.org/W6669007072","https://openalex.org/W6673540142","https://openalex.org/W6676413382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985243104","https://openalex.org/W2398731590","https://openalex.org/W2038036390","https://openalex.org/W2767840669","https://openalex.org/W2082105523","https://openalex.org/W3004592867","https://openalex.org/W1581319160","https://openalex.org/W2015850245","https://openalex.org/W1971465184","https://openalex.org/W1505898032"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ubiquity":[1],"of":[2,21,39,75,102],"modern":[3],"mobile":[4,79],"devices":[5],"with":[6,49,124],"GPS":[7],"modules":[8],"and":[9,72,91,107,131],"Internet":[10],"connectivity":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13,105],"3G/4G":[14],"techniques":[15],"have":[16],"resulted":[17],"in":[18,81],"rapid":[19],"development":[20],"Location-Based":[22],"Services":[23],"(LBSs).":[24],"However,":[25],"users":[26,80,117],"enjoy":[27],"the":[28,32,37,121],"convenience":[29],"provided":[30],"by":[31],"untrusted":[33],"LBS":[34],"server":[35],"at":[36],"cost":[38],"their":[40],"privacy.":[41],"To":[42],"protect":[43],"user's":[44,65],"sensitive":[45],"information":[46],"against":[47],"adversaries":[48],"side":[50],"information,":[51],"we":[52],"design":[53],"a":[54,100,109],"personalized":[55],"spatial":[56],"cloaking":[57,76,122],"scheme,":[58],"termed":[59],"TTcloak,":[60],"which":[61],"provides":[62],"k-anonymity":[63],"for":[64,69,78],"location":[66],"privacy,":[67],"1-diversity":[68],"query":[70],"privacy":[71],"desired":[73,125],"size":[74],"region":[77,123],"LBSs,":[82],"simultaneously.":[83],"TTcloak":[84],"uses":[85],"Dummy":[86,92],"Query":[87],"Determining":[88,94],"(DQD)":[89],"algorithm":[90,96],"Location":[93],"(DLD)":[95],"to":[97,113],"find":[98],"out":[99],"set":[101],"realistic":[103],"cells":[104],"candidates,":[106],"employs":[108],"CR-refinement":[110],"Module":[111],"(CRM)":[112],"guarantee":[114],"that":[115],"dummy":[116],"are":[118],"assigned":[119],"into":[120],"size.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"thorough":[128],"security":[129],"analysis":[130],"empirical":[132],"evaluation":[133],"results":[134],"verify":[135],"our":[136],"proposed":[137],"TTcloak.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
