{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060961357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","title":"Closing the gap to the capacity of APSK: Constellation shaping and degree distributions","display_name":"Closing the gap to the capacity of APSK: Constellation shaping and degree distributions","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060961357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","mag":"2060961357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497840","display_name":"2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081583084","display_name":"Xingyu Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6196-0332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088532122","display_name":"Matthew C. Valenti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-0509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. C. Valenti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9415147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"691","last_page":"695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.8131294250488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.7272207140922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-gain","display_name":"Coding gain","score":0.49671512842178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4869566857814789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.4831390082836151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.46415671706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.4373641908168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.42504698038101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4190391004085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3570515513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31446343660354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2878738045692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.25264978408813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10777795314788818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.8131294250488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.7272207140922546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76862118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105671","display_name":"Coding gain","level":3,"score":0.49671512842178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4869566857814789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.4831390082836151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.46415671706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.4373641908168793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42504698038101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4190391004085541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3570515513420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31446343660354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2878738045692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.25264978408813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10777795314788818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497840","display_name":"2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.761.5182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.761.5182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1210.4831.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523773702","https://openalex.org/W1984063050","https://openalex.org/W2075298077","https://openalex.org/W2118111203","https://openalex.org/W2119039629","https://openalex.org/W2122703296","https://openalex.org/W2150063135","https://openalex.org/W2160390925","https://openalex.org/W4253238123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2626684509","https://openalex.org/W3195002557","https://openalex.org/W2893995248","https://openalex.org/W2148868771","https://openalex.org/W1985234637","https://openalex.org/W1993560407","https://openalex.org/W2028215865","https://openalex.org/W2766164338","https://openalex.org/W2085207364","https://openalex.org/W3101849977"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constellation":[0],"shaping":[1,22],"is":[2,23,110,216],"an":[3,111,164,211],"energy-efficient":[4],"strategy":[5],"involving":[6],"the":[7,46,65,68,79,85,94,98,114,129,137,141,149,152,158,188,193,199],"transmission":[8],"of":[9,97,113,117,144,168,175,201],"lower-energy":[10],"signals":[11],"more":[12],"frequently":[13],"than":[14],"higher-energy":[15],"signals.":[16],"Previous":[17],"work":[18],"has":[19,37,123],"shown":[20],"that":[21,36,157,186,210],"particularly":[24],"effective":[25],"when":[26,56],"used":[27,57,101],"with":[28,58,82,104,163],"coded":[29],"amplitude":[30],"phase-shift":[31],"keying":[32],"(APSK),":[33],"a":[34,172],"modulation":[35],"been":[38,124],"popularized":[39],"recently":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,84,126,139,183],"its":[43],"inclusion":[44],"in":[45,67,102,151],"DVB-S2":[47,69,153,194],"standard.":[48,195],"While":[49],"shaped":[50,86,105,130,184],"APSK":[51,87,131],"can":[52,74],"provide":[53],"significant":[54],"gains":[55,73],"standard":[59],"off-the-shelf":[60],"LDPC":[61,80,99,190],"codes,":[62],"such":[63],"as":[64,148],"codes":[66,150],"standard,":[70,154],"additional":[71,165,212],"non-negligible":[72],"be":[75],"achieved":[76],"by":[77,135,206],"optimizing":[78],"code":[81,100,138,191],"respect":[83],"modulation.":[88,132],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"optimize":[93],"degree":[95],"distributions":[96],"conjunction":[103],"APSK.":[106],"The":[107],"optimization":[108,159],"process":[109],"extension":[112],"EXIT-chart":[115],"technique":[116],"ten":[118],"Brink,":[119],"et":[120],"al.,":[121],"which":[122],"adapted":[125],"account":[127],"for":[128],"We":[133,196],"begin":[134],"constraining":[136],"have":[140],"same":[142],"number":[143,200],"distinct":[145],"variable-node":[146],"degrees":[147,205],"and":[155,208],"show":[156],"provides":[160],"32-APSK":[161],"systems":[162,185],"coding":[166],"gain":[167,215],"0.34":[169],"dB":[170,214],"at":[171],"system":[173],"rate":[174],"R":[176],"=":[177],"3":[178],"bits":[179],"per":[180],"symbol,":[181],"compared":[182],"use":[187],"long":[189],"from":[192],"then":[197],"increase":[198],"allowed":[202],"variable":[203],"node":[204],"one,":[207],"find":[209],"0.1":[213],"achievable.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}