{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316659734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604","title":"Exploring Data Variance challenges in Fusion of Radar and Camera for Robotics and Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Exploring Data Variance challenges in Fusion of Radar and Camera for Robotics and Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316659734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 10th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049546199","display_name":"Muhammad Ishfaq Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6609-886X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ishfaq Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072893504","display_name":"Muhammad Aasim Rafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-3162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Aasim Rafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067156551","display_name":"Sayfullokh Khurbaev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sayfullokh Khurbaev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056743652","display_name":"Moongu Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moongu Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7478483319282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6743060350418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.6662222146987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.655182421207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6219037771224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.613254189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5920008420944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5844382047653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5788502097129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.557562530040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.536008358001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5223616361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5196603536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4979574680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.46330195665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-chart","display_name":"Radar chart","score":0.42013370990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34215861558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.28088945150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.2726839780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12134671211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10724484920501709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7478483319282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6743060350418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.6662222146987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.655182421207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6219037771224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.613254189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5920008420944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5844382047653198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5788502097129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.557562530040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.536008358001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5223616361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5196603536605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4979574680328369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.46330195665359497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27209215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192777","display_name":"Radar chart","level":2,"score":0.42013370990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34215861558914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.28088945150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2726839780807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12134671211242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10724484920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma56665.2022.10011604","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 10th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323890","display_name":"Korea Creative Content Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/036vyg793"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1581808154","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2106533209","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2231187102","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2886851211","https://openalex.org/W2891529090","https://openalex.org/W2905345100","https://openalex.org/W2940863872","https://openalex.org/W2943515156","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963606888","https://openalex.org/W2963902918","https://openalex.org/W2970737291","https://openalex.org/W2986097283","https://openalex.org/W2989940015","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3020833432","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3092551756","https://openalex.org/W3103179390","https://openalex.org/W3105073457","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3118479569","https://openalex.org/W3199139812","https://openalex.org/W4293150172","https://openalex.org/W6634812264","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6801129923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2022849497","https://openalex.org/W3081299480","https://openalex.org/W2407190427","https://openalex.org/W2919210741","https://openalex.org/W2907584218","https://openalex.org/W3002446410","https://openalex.org/W4390224712","https://openalex.org/W4322096758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inductive":[0],"bias":[1,62,119],"is":[2,45,69,157,164],"a":[3,28,42,146],"fervently":[4],"targeted":[5],"area":[6],"in":[7,80,97,105,113,150,162],"the":[8,15,25,51,54,64,77,90,93,111,117,127,141,154,160,181],"recent":[9],"developments":[10],"of":[11,27,46,53,63,92,120,168,177,183],"deep":[12],"learning.":[13],"However,":[14],"variance":[16,32,95,112],"problems":[17,36],"are":[18,22,138],"often":[19],"unattended":[20],"and":[21,33,74,99,131,171,188],"proceeding":[23],"with":[24,116],"launch":[26],"new":[29],"dataset.":[30],"The":[31,59,123,174],"addressing":[34],"its":[35],"to":[37,72,82,153],"achieve":[38],"better":[39],"results":[40,151,163,176],"for":[41,102,186],"particular":[43],"task":[44],"importance":[47],"which":[48,144],"follows":[49],"from":[50],"advocacy":[52],"no":[55],"free":[56],"lunch":[57],"theorem.":[58],"hard":[60],"inductive":[61,118],"hierarchical":[65],"feature":[66],"pyramid":[67],"network":[68,172],"not":[70],"sufficient":[71],"generalize":[73],"rely":[75],"on":[76,140,166],"necessary":[78],"information":[79],"images":[81],"produce":[83],"robust":[84],"object":[85,103,178],"detection.":[86],"This":[87],"work":[88],"reduced":[89],"impact":[91],"inducive":[94],"presented":[96],"camera":[98],"radar":[100,114,129],"fusion":[101],"detection":[104,179],"harsh":[106],"environmental":[107],"conditions.":[108],"We":[109],"explore":[110],"data":[115,130],"convolution":[121,135],"pooling.":[122,136],"proposed":[124,184],"architecture":[125],"uses":[126],"untransformed":[128],"extracts":[132],"features":[133],"using":[134],"Experimentations":[137],"performed":[139],"nuScenes":[142],"dataset":[143],"shows":[145],"5%":[147],"mAP":[148],"improvement":[149,161],"compared":[152],"baseline.":[155],"It":[156],"observed":[158],"that":[159],"based":[165],"choices":[167],"data,":[169],"hyper-parameters,":[170],"composition.":[173],"qualitative":[175],"show":[180],"significance":[182],"tweaks":[185],"robotics":[187],"autonomous":[189],"driving":[190],"applications.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}