{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005968319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","title":"Towards the Automation of a Chemical Sulphonation Process with Machine Learning","display_name":"Towards the Automation of a Chemical Sulphonation Process with Machine Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005968319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","mag":"3005968319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12125","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Enrique Garcia-Ceja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Garcia-Ceja","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u00c5smund Hugo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c5smund Hugo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brice Morin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brice Morin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Per Olav Hansen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138482","display_name":"Unger Fabrikker (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfra764","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138482"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Olav Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unger Fabrikker,Fredrikstad,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unger Fabrikker,Fredrikstad,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Espen Martinsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138482","display_name":"Unger Fabrikker (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfra764","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138482"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Espen Martinsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unger Fabrikker,Fredrikstad,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unger Fabrikker,Fredrikstad,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"An Ngoc Lam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Ngoc Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Østfold University College,Department of Informatics,Halden,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Østfold University College,Department of Informatics,Halden,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"\u00d8ystein Haugen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19923696","display_name":"\u00d8stfold University College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gf7fp41","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d8ystein Haugen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Østfold University College,Department of Informatics,Halden,Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Østfold University College,Department of Informatics,Halden,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19923696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67931788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"352","last_page":"357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14470","display_name":"Advanced Data Processing Techniques","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7663999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6414999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4205000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7663999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6797999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6414999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5493999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124223222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281940","display_name":"Chemical process","level":2,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5941749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19768","display_name":"Machine tool","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21457203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4056293","display_name":"Process automation system","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma46720.2019.8988752","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.12125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12125","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12125","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-83086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-83086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2009.12125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.12125","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.12125","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W384926026","https://openalex.org/W1164930623","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1971385464","https://openalex.org/W2000651380","https://openalex.org/W2048679005","https://openalex.org/W2143663388","https://openalex.org/W2322097696","https://openalex.org/W2460943568","https://openalex.org/W2605061423","https://openalex.org/W2759373267","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4205431832","https://openalex.org/W6610017368"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"the":[1,19,46,61,104,117,121,173,179],"continuous":[2,97],"improvement":[3],"and":[4,17,42,57,66,80,145,194],"automation":[5],"of":[6,33,39,48,63,85,92,106,119,192,197],"industrial":[7,50],"processes":[8,79],"has":[9],"become":[10],"a":[11,29,96,112,188,195],"key":[12],"factor":[13],"in":[14,18,95,148],"many":[15],"fields,":[16],"chemical":[20,113],"industry,":[21],"it":[22,52,159],"is":[23,127,160],"no":[24],"exception.":[25],"This":[26],"translates":[27],"into":[28],"more":[30],"efficient":[31],"use":[32,62],"resources,":[34],"reduced":[35,43],"production":[36],"time,":[37],"output":[38],"higher":[40],"quality":[41,123,153,166],"waste.":[44],"Given":[45],"complexity":[47],"today's":[49],"processes,":[51],"becomes":[53],"infeasible":[54],"to":[55,77,136,150,162,175],"monitor":[56],"optimize":[58],"them":[59],"without":[60],"information":[64],"technologies":[65],"analytics.":[67],"In":[68,99],"recent":[69],"years,":[70],"machine":[71,108],"learning":[72,109],"methods":[73,110],"have":[74],"been":[75],"used":[76,131],"automate":[78],"provide":[81],"decision":[82],"support.":[83],"All":[84],"this,":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"analyzing":[89],"large":[90],"amounts":[91],"data":[93,132],"generated":[94],"manner.":[98],"this":[100],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"present":[103],"results":[105,181],"applying":[107],"during":[111],"sulphonation":[114],"process":[115,134],"with":[116,168,184,187],"objective":[118],"automating":[120],"product":[122,152,165],"analysis":[124],"which":[125],"currently":[126],"performed":[128],"manually.":[129],"We":[130],"from":[133],"parameters":[135],"train":[137],"different":[138],"models":[139],"including":[140],"Random":[141,185],"Forest,":[142],"Neural":[143],"Network":[144],"linear":[146],"regression":[147],"order":[149],"predict":[151,163],"values.":[154],"Our":[155],"experiments":[156],"showed":[157],"that":[158],"possible":[161],"those":[164],"values":[167],"good":[169],"accuracy,":[170],"thus,":[171],"having":[172],"potential":[174],"reduce":[176],"time.":[177],"Specifically,":[178],"best":[180],"were":[182],"obtained":[183],"Forest":[186],"mean":[189],"absolute":[190],"error":[191],"0.089":[193],"correlation":[196],"0.978.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2020-02-24T00:00:00"}