{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2589724000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","title":"A key issue of semantics of information","display_name":"A key issue of semantics of information","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2589724000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","mag":"2589724000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109036851","display_name":"Lotfi A. Zadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lotfi A. Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC), University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Initiative in Soft Computing (BISC), University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109036851"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88928241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.7651000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6995000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.6922000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.7213051319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.654032289981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.6152298450469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.6070088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5070443153381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4527058005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4176754951477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3785865306854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33746403455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32175275683403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25395750999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16813504695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15047138929367065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.7213051319122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654032289981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.6152298450469971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.6070088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5070443153381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4527058005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4176754951477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3785865306854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33746403455734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32175275683403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25395750999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16813504695892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15047138929367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2016.7862093","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 15th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075237332","https://openalex.org/W2061278088","https://openalex.org/W2163103544","https://openalex.org/W3039080452","https://openalex.org/W3033899355","https://openalex.org/W3025482071","https://openalex.org/W4210452449","https://openalex.org/W2921877942","https://openalex.org/W2055254734","https://openalex.org/W2889544313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,248],"his":[1],"epoch-making":[2],"work":[3],"on":[4,81,185],"information":[5,9,17,34,50,62,76,165,203],"theory,":[6],"Shannon":[7],"defended":[8],"in":[10,52,89,114,129,144,161,215,261,275],"terms":[11],"of":[12,16,21,43,60,74,109,132,137,164,202,222,273,281,287],"entropy.":[13],"Entropy-based":[14],"definitions":[15],"relate":[18],"to":[19,25,30,47,103,123,226,230,241,245,255,271],"quantity":[20],"information,":[22],"but":[23,40],"not":[24],"its":[26],"meaning.":[27],"Subsequent":[28],"attempts":[29],"introduce":[31],"semantics":[32,75,163],"into":[33,290],"theory":[35,65,73],"have":[36,149],"made":[37],"some":[38],"progress":[39],"fell":[41],"short":[42],"having":[44],"a":[45,72,82,86,110,183,186,196,200],"capability":[46],"deal":[48],"with":[49,265],"described":[51,214],"natural":[53,216],"language.":[54,217],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"is":[57,79,112,195,199,263,278],"aimed":[58],"that":[59,154],"laying":[61],"for":[63],"the":[64,119,142,145,150,205,269,285],"which":[66,84,162,198,207,276],"has":[67,98],"this":[68],"capability,":[69],"call":[70],"it":[71,224,236,251],"(TSI).":[77],"TSI":[78,262,267],"centered":[80],"concept":[83,94,108],"plays":[85,166],"key":[87],"role":[88],"human":[90,115,121],"intelligence":[91],"\u2014":[92,106],"A":[93],"whose":[95],"basic":[96],"importance":[97],"long":[99],"been":[100],"and":[101,125,135,178],"continues":[102],"be":[104],"unrecognized":[105],"The":[107],"restriction":[111,184],"pervasive":[113],"cognition.":[116],"Restrictions":[117],"underlie":[118],"remarkable":[120],"ability":[122],"reason":[124],"make":[126],"rational":[127],"decisions":[128],"an":[130,167],"environment":[131],"imprecision,":[133],"uncertainty":[134],"incompleteness":[136],"information.":[138],"Such":[139,147],"environments":[140,148],"are":[141,158,213],"norm":[143],"real-world.":[146],"traditional":[151],"logical":[152],"systems":[153],"become":[155],"dysfunctional.":[156],"There":[157],"many":[159],"applications":[160,172],"important":[168,259],"role.":[169],"Among":[170],"such":[171],"are:":[173],"machine":[174],"translation,":[175],"summarization,":[176],"search":[177],"decision-making":[179],"under":[180],"uncertainty.":[181],"Informally,":[182],"specified":[187],"(focal)":[188],"variable,":[189],"X,":[190],"written":[191],"as":[192],"R":[193],"(X),":[194],"statement":[197],"carrier":[201],"about":[204,238],"values":[206],"X":[208,219],"can":[209],"take.":[210],"Typically,":[211],"restrictions":[212,288],"Example.":[218],"=":[220,234],"length":[221],"time":[223],"takes":[225,237,284],"drive":[227,242],"from":[228,243],"Berkeley":[229,244],"SF":[231,246],"Airport;":[232],"R(X)":[233],"usually":[235],"90":[239],"minutes":[240],"Airport.":[247],"adverse":[249],"weather":[250],"may":[252],"take":[253],"close":[254],"2":[256],"hours.":[257],"An":[258],"issue":[260],"computation":[264,274],"restrictions.":[266],"opens":[268],"door":[270],"modes":[272],"approximation":[277],"accepted.":[279],"Acceptance":[280],"approximate":[282],"computations":[283],"calculus":[286],"(CR)":[289],"uncharted":[291],"territory.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}