{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1487189917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","title":"A machine learning approach to detect occluded faces in unconstrained crowd scene","display_name":"A machine learning approach to detect occluded faces in unconstrained crowd scene","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1487189917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","mag":"1487189917"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079136338","display_name":"Shazia Gul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shazia Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Software Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","Department of Computer & Software Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Software Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Software Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022466020","display_name":"Humera Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-6522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humera Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sciences, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079136338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81030786,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"149","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8115188479423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7791407108306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.7464562058448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6693937182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.6316588521003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6048384308815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-class-detection","display_name":"Object-class detection","score":0.5894638895988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5833528637886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5072953104972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42508378624916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4177578389644623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.348901629447937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8115188479423523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7791407108306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.7464562058448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6693937182426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.6316588521003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6048384308815002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71681937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object-class detection","level":5,"score":0.5894638895988464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5833528637886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5072953104972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42508378624916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4177578389644623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.348901629447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2015.7259379","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 14th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17841768","https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W599430247","https://openalex.org/W1525580801","https://openalex.org/W1534921592","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1982268685","https://openalex.org/W1998950365","https://openalex.org/W2021534365","https://openalex.org/W2033782258","https://openalex.org/W2043277560","https://openalex.org/W2055084730","https://openalex.org/W2062032472","https://openalex.org/W2065994824","https://openalex.org/W2100729078","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2132358038","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2147221461","https://openalex.org/W2150681258","https://openalex.org/W2154383834","https://openalex.org/W2159686933","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2329446928","https://openalex.org/W2497657572","https://openalex.org/W2511840067","https://openalex.org/W2542974698","https://openalex.org/W6607458078","https://openalex.org/W6631422271","https://openalex.org/W6681651645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096042813","https://openalex.org/W1993261271","https://openalex.org/W1877595604","https://openalex.org/W1970925716","https://openalex.org/W4327774107","https://openalex.org/W2784064218","https://openalex.org/W2047758967","https://openalex.org/W2242267494","https://openalex.org/W2469110227","https://openalex.org/W2348786948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,67,94,116,124,216,224],"face":[1,35,59,65,79,90,113],"verification":[2,36,60],"systems":[3],"gained":[4],"significant":[5],"attention":[6],"in":[7,18,32,46,83,135,139,160,183,187,234],"the":[8,14,26,33,42,51,56,102,136,144,169,179,193,198,200,212,228,235],"last":[9],"few":[10],"years":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,40,100,141,185],"increased":[15],"security":[16],"concern":[17],"public":[19],"and":[20,29,49,53,74,109,153,168,195],"private":[21],"places.":[22],"Face":[23],"detection":[24,80,91,114,236],"is":[25,81,92,97,163,171],"most":[27],"important":[28],"initial":[30],"stage":[31],"automatic":[34],"system.":[37],"It":[38],"helps":[39],"determine":[41],"existence":[43],"of":[44,55,89,178,197,211,237],"faces":[45,69,167],"an":[47,98,111],"image":[48],"return":[50],"position":[52],"location":[54],"face.":[57],"system's":[61],"accuracy":[62],"depends":[63],"on":[64,165,173,221],"detection.":[66,215],"human":[68],"are":[70,158,181,204,207],"not":[71],"always":[72],"frontal":[73],"have":[75],"many":[76],"variations,":[77],"therefore,":[78],"challenging":[82],"unconstrained":[84],"scenarios.":[85],"One":[86],"main":[87],"challenge":[88],"occlusion.":[93],"proposed":[95,117,137,229],"work":[96,186],"attempt":[99],"illustrate":[101],"cognitive":[103],"informatics":[104],"approach":[105,138],"using":[106],"machine":[107,121,145],"learning":[108,122,146],"present":[110],"occluded":[112,175,239],"method.":[115],"method":[118,230],"uses":[119],"Adaboost[1]":[120],"approach.":[123],"Viola-Jones[2]":[125],"algorithm":[126],"along":[127],"with":[128],"free":[129],"rectangular":[130],"features[3]":[131],"has":[132,218],"been":[133,219],"adopted":[134],"order":[140],"detect":[142],"faces.":[143,240],"methods":[147],"require":[148],"two":[149],"operation":[150],"namely":[151],"training":[152],"testing.":[154],"Two":[155],"cascade":[156],"classifiers":[157,180],"used":[159,182,208],"which":[161,206],"one":[162],"trained":[164,172],"holistic":[166],"second":[170],"half":[174,238],"faces;":[176],"both":[177],"parallel":[184],"unconfined":[188],"scene.":[189],"Additionally,":[190],"for":[191,209],"improvement":[192],"correctness":[194],"adeptness":[196],"system,":[199],"skin":[201],"color":[202],"models":[203],"applied":[205],"removing":[210],"false":[213],"positive":[214],"experiment":[217],"performed":[220],"FDDB[4]":[222],"dataset.":[223],"results":[225,233],"shows":[226],"that":[227],"achieve":[231],"desirable":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}