{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014438403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","title":"Apply genetic algorithm with an adaptive stopping criterion to PCR-RFLP Primer Design","display_name":"Apply genetic algorithm with an adaptive stopping criterion to PCR-RFLP Primer Design","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014438403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","mag":"2014438403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014905668","display_name":"Yu\u2010Huei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-6686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128514506","display_name":"Toko University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k2qqb14","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128514506"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Huei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network Systems, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan","[Department of Network Systems, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network Systems, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128514506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Network Systems, Toko University, Chiayi, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128514506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034774683","display_name":"Li\u2010Yeh Chuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-5102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Yeh Chuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065832977","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Hong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2741-0072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89178830","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04wydzr61","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89178830"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89178830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1135299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"372","last_page":"379"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10222","display_name":"Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism","display_name":"Restriction fragment length polymorphism","score":0.8602419495582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restriction-enzyme","display_name":"Restriction enzyme","score":0.7148335576057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotyping","display_name":"Genotyping","score":0.6781783103942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primer","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","score":0.638444185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snp","display_name":"SNP","score":0.5710482001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.5365126132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","score":0.508181095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snp-genotyping","display_name":"SNP genotyping","score":0.4912645220756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.48768150806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4366011619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42056822776794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.4077508747577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.2939722537994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.21116206049919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.1156684160232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06414824724197388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168007829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857299","display_name":"Restriction fragment length polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.8602419495582581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128319531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219715","display_name":"Restriction enzyme","level":3,"score":0.7148335576057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31467283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912147","display_name":"Genotyping","level":4,"score":0.6781783103942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777563447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243397","display_name":"Primer (cosmetics)","level":2,"score":0.638444185256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139275648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17134011","display_name":"SNP","level":5,"score":0.5710482001304626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.5365126132965088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.508181095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163691529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7391886","display_name":"SNP genotyping","level":5,"score":0.4912645220756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.48768150806427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4366011619567871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42056822776794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4077508747577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.2939722537994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.21116206049919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1156684160232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06414824724197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icci-cc.2012.6311176","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499500424","https://openalex.org/W1502761295","https://openalex.org/W1583721197","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1778913906","https://openalex.org/W1809786947","https://openalex.org/W1981222811","https://openalex.org/W2012570686","https://openalex.org/W2021811222","https://openalex.org/W2022716620","https://openalex.org/W2022919035","https://openalex.org/W2029292949","https://openalex.org/W2036402320","https://openalex.org/W2059186085","https://openalex.org/W2062373810","https://openalex.org/W2072579680","https://openalex.org/W2080698851","https://openalex.org/W2090018380","https://openalex.org/W2091963315","https://openalex.org/W2100303227","https://openalex.org/W2107303657","https://openalex.org/W2107421761","https://openalex.org/W2113065481","https://openalex.org/W2119115893","https://openalex.org/W2121970379","https://openalex.org/W2122732537","https://openalex.org/W2123878675","https://openalex.org/W2123950145","https://openalex.org/W2128138084","https://openalex.org/W2130971351","https://openalex.org/W2140005722","https://openalex.org/W2149788957","https://openalex.org/W2151163048","https://openalex.org/W2156256232","https://openalex.org/W2157431640","https://openalex.org/W2327125052","https://openalex.org/W2804007336","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4388278658","https://openalex.org/W6638040569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153663358","https://openalex.org/W2914786560","https://openalex.org/W2350226114","https://openalex.org/W2076256212","https://openalex.org/W2057862668","https://openalex.org/W2376822632","https://openalex.org/W2767259309","https://openalex.org/W2021673904","https://openalex.org/W2020801915","https://openalex.org/W2362306982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymerase":[0],"chain":[1],"reaction-restriction":[2],"fragment":[3],"length":[4],"polymorphism":[5],"(PCR-RFLP)":[6],"is":[7,50],"usually":[8,88],"applied":[9,70],"to":[10,71,111,124],"small-scale":[11],"basic":[12],"research":[13],"studies":[14],"of":[15,85,120],"complex":[16],"genetic":[17],"diseases":[18],"that":[19],"are":[20,47,87,93,122,134],"associated":[21],"with":[22,106],"single":[23],"nucleotide":[24],"polymorphisms":[25],"(SNPs).":[26],"Before":[27],"performing":[28],"PCR-RFLP":[29,114,127],"for":[30,42],"SNP":[31,46],"genotyping,":[32],"the":[33,38,44,83,113,126,131],"feasible":[34],"primer":[35,115,128],"pair":[36],"and":[37,53,74,90,130,137],"available":[39],"restriction":[40],"enzymes":[41],"discriminating":[43],"target":[45],"required.":[48],"This":[49],"a":[51],"tedious":[52],"time-consuming":[54],"task":[55],"when":[56],"using":[57],"manual":[58],"search":[59],"without":[60],"any":[61],"computer":[62],"assisting.":[63],"Genetic":[64],"Algorithm":[65],"(GA)":[66],"has":[67],"been":[68],"widely":[69],"many":[72,80],"fields":[73],"yielded":[75],"good":[76],"solutions.":[77],"However,":[78],"in":[79,95],"used":[81,123],"GAs,":[82],"number":[84],"generations":[86,121,133],"fixed":[89],"make":[91],"them":[92],"inefficient":[94],"determining":[96],"their":[97],"adequate":[98],"terminations.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"we":[103],"use":[104],"GA":[105],"an":[107],"adaptive":[108,132],"stopping":[109],"criterion":[110],"implement":[112],"design.":[116],"The":[117],"different":[118],"numbers":[119],"perform":[125],"design,":[129],"also":[135],"observed":[136],"discussed.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}