{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391769204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732","title":"A Type-2 Fuzzy PID-Based System of Surface FES with Pulse Width Modulation for Stroke Rehabilitation","display_name":"A Type-2 Fuzzy PID-Based System of Surface FES with Pulse Width Modulation for Stroke Rehabilitation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391769204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 4th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Control (ICCEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108478403","display_name":"Ning Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9267-639X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389852","display_name":"Gong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2924-5486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101576903","display_name":"Yu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-9893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164393","display_name":"The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","ror":"https://ror.org/05kjn8d41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Ningxia,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Ningxia,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164393"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070091672","display_name":"Xueliang Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueliang Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia University,School of Information Engineering,Ningxia,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Ningxia, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108478403"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19245745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"63","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.7144865989685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6955105066299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.6741124987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6274488568305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5422360301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.48689261078834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4865547716617584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.46006667613983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39265382289886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2245486080646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.21840572357177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.21313029527664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19632312655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.17483335733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14313840866088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12403210997581482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.7144865989685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6955105066299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.6741124987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6274488568305969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5422360301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.48689261078834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4865547716617584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.46006667613983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39265382289886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2245486080646515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.21840572357177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.21313029527664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19632312655448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.17483335733413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14313840866088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12403210997581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icceic60201.2023.10426732","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 4th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Intelligent Control (ICCEIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895722634","https://openalex.org/W2132885717","https://openalex.org/W2261575050","https://openalex.org/W2677857092","https://openalex.org/W2744813223","https://openalex.org/W2750482797","https://openalex.org/W2753555812","https://openalex.org/W2986268602","https://openalex.org/W4295855131"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002388147","https://openalex.org/W2098278563","https://openalex.org/W3097292012","https://openalex.org/W3098928304","https://openalex.org/W2394883510","https://openalex.org/W2970187567","https://openalex.org/W2150958483","https://openalex.org/W2166727663","https://openalex.org/W2165013373","https://openalex.org/W2018658498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"help":[1],"stroke":[2],"patients":[3,228],"perform":[4,230],"smooth":[5],"and":[6,10,49,86,150,169,197],"stable":[7],"limb":[8,16,196,225],"movement,":[9],"promote":[11],"the":[12,39,46,50,63,67,71,76,83,88,92,100,116,125,133,137,145,162,171,184,191,194,198,206,213,223,231,235],"recovery":[13],"of":[14,53,70,90,127,173,193,226],"lost":[15],"function,":[17],"this":[18,219],"paper":[19,220],"designed":[20],"a":[21,33,155],"closed-loop":[22],"surface":[23,126],"functional":[24],"electrical":[25,73],"stimulation":[26,74,110,117,122],"(FES)":[27],"rehabilitation":[28,208],"training":[29,209],"system":[30,40,141,175,210],"based":[31,211],"on":[32,124,212],"type-2":[34,77,214],"fuzzy":[35,78,215],"PID":[36,79,216],"controller.":[37],"Firstly,":[38],"detected":[41],"movement":[42],"angle":[43,84],"error":[44,85],"between":[45,190],"desired":[47,138],"trajectory":[48,52,192,200],"actual":[51,148],"wrist":[54,134],"extension":[55,129],"motion":[56],"through":[57,113,161,176],"two":[58],"gyroscope":[59],"modules":[60],"real-time.":[61],"Then,":[62],"MCU":[64,96],"controller":[65,80,97,217],"adjusted":[66],"pulse":[68,118,152],"width":[69],"applied":[72,120],"using":[75],"according":[81],"to":[82,104,121,135,154,229],"achieved":[87],"goal":[89],"regulating":[91],"stimulus":[93],"intensity.":[94],"The":[95,140,181],"also":[98],"instructed":[99],"stimulating":[101],"drive":[102],"circuit":[103],"generate":[105],"biphasic":[106],"charge-balanced":[107],"constant":[108],"current":[109],"pulses.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"hydrogel":[114],"electrodes,":[115],"was":[119],"sites":[123],"forearm":[128],"muscles,":[130],"which":[131],"induced":[132],"follow":[136],"trajectory.":[139],"sent":[142],"data,":[143],"including":[144],"expected":[146],"angle,":[147,149],"time-varying":[151],"width,":[153],"MATLAB":[156],"script":[157],"program":[158],"for":[159],"visualization":[160],"esp8266":[163],"module.":[164],"In":[165],"addition,":[166],"we":[167],"tested":[168],"verified":[170],"performance":[172],"our":[174],"an":[177],"organized":[178],"human":[179],"experiment.":[180],"result":[182],"shows":[183],"average":[185],"Pearson":[186],"correlation":[187],"coefficient":[188],"(PCC)":[189],"controlled":[195],"target":[199],"is":[201],"0.93":[202],"\u00b1":[203],"0.02.":[204],"Therefore,":[205],"FES":[207],"in":[218],"could":[221],"enable":[222],"paralyzed":[224],"hemiplegia":[227],"same":[232],"trajectories":[233],"as":[234],"healthy":[236],"limb.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-25T23:11:45.687758","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}