{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220998407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182","title":"DQN Based Exit Selection in Multi-Exit Deep Neural Networks for Applications Targeting Situation Awareness","display_name":"DQN Based Exit Selection in Multi-Exit Deep Neural Networks for Applications Targeting Situation Awareness","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220998407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608007","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088446238","display_name":"Abhishek Vashist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2176-8567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Vashist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017585082","display_name":"Sharan Vidash Vidya Shanmugham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharan Vidash Vidya Shanmugham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004368293","display_name":"Amlan Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amlan Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology,Rochester,NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047725314","display_name":"Sai Manoj Pudukotai Dinakarrao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-2387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Manoj P D","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University,Fairfax,VA","George Mason University, Fairfax, VA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Fairfax,VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088446238"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.657921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225724697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.733098566532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.6537214517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6466323733329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6425706744194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.6288858652114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.613274335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5898690819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5792360901832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4801727831363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4588518738746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4354782998561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4347047805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3423756957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12826749682426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0784185528755188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225724697113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.733098566532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.6537214517593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6466323733329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6425706744194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.6288858652114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.613274335861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5898690819740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5792360901832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4801727831363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4588518738746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4354782998561859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4347047805786133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3423756957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12826749682426453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0784185528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce53296.2022.9730182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608007","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2267244539","https://openalex.org/W2604216058","https://openalex.org/W2738180394","https://openalex.org/W2804941026","https://openalex.org/W2906125019","https://openalex.org/W2911884654","https://openalex.org/W2960964942","https://openalex.org/W2962677625","https://openalex.org/W2963175113","https://openalex.org/W2963393494","https://openalex.org/W3003268826","https://openalex.org/W3013280369","https://openalex.org/W3094307698","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6693657723","https://openalex.org/W6736558013","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6744926209","https://openalex.org/W6745543348","https://openalex.org/W6752038611","https://openalex.org/W6764117243","https://openalex.org/W6873314389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313339048","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3042419602","https://openalex.org/W4386004629","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"infrastructure":[1],"targeting":[2],"situation":[3],"awareness":[4],"for":[5,32,47,59],"first":[6],"responders":[7],"enables":[8],"intelligent":[9],"and":[10,74,97],"faster":[11,48],"response":[12],"time.":[13],"Such":[14],"an":[15,18,69],"application":[16],"requires":[17],"edge":[19,25],"device":[20],"to":[21,42],"process":[22],"information.":[23,79],"The":[24,66],"hardware":[26,73],"is":[27],"limited":[28],"by":[29],"computation":[30],"capability":[31],"running":[33],"Deep":[34,53],"Neural":[35],"Networks":[36],"(DNNs).":[37],"Multi-exit":[38],"DNNs":[39],"are":[40],"used":[41],"provide":[43],"static":[44],"exit":[45,61],"selection":[46,62],"inference.":[49],"We":[50],"propose":[51],"using":[52,72],"Q":[54],"Network":[55],"(DQN)":[56],"based":[57,77],"technique":[58],"dynamic":[60],"in":[63,89,95],"multi-exit":[64,75],"DNNs.":[65],"DQN":[67],"learns":[68],"optimal":[70],"policy":[71],"DNN":[76],"state":[78],"Our":[80],"system":[81],"achieves":[82],"performance":[83],"improvement":[84],"with":[85],"63.5":[86],"&#x0025;":[87,93],"decrease":[88],"inference":[90],"time,":[91],"33":[92],"reduction":[94],"energy":[96],"classifies":[98],"2.2":[99],"x":[100],"more":[101],"inputs.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
