{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215286590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","title":"Reversible and Robust Watermarking Technique","display_name":"Reversible and Robust Watermarking Technique","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215286590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","mag":"3215286590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025800748","display_name":"I-Hui Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-5357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Hui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022221921","display_name":"Hui-Min Ko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui-Min Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068116350","display_name":"Der-Long Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Der-Long Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064136726","display_name":"Tsung-Heng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Heng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100394751","display_name":"Yingying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-8092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051123365","display_name":"Yuan\u2013Chun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094862","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hkj1v53","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Chun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Command and Staff College, National Defense University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094862"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39575216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9245508909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.8959040641784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.835446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7453404664993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.7187432050704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7110207676887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6596143841743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5448434948921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5097488760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5035204291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49273064732551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.39250147342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3776388466358185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.21922454237937927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9245508909225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.8959040641784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.835446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7453404664993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.7187432050704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7110207676887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6596143841743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5448434948921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5097488760948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5035204291343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49273064732551575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.39250147342681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3776388466358185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.21922454237937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw52618.2021.9602914","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974641035","https://openalex.org/W1986966729","https://openalex.org/W2050733163","https://openalex.org/W2594085527","https://openalex.org/W2773348626","https://openalex.org/W2796392942","https://openalex.org/W2797856256","https://openalex.org/W2885364096","https://openalex.org/W2906819419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2978432024","https://openalex.org/W2118338613","https://openalex.org/W2385289568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,68],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"reversible":[3,70],"and":[4,36,48,61,73,88],"robust":[5],"watermarking":[6,74],"technique":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,25,30,33,37,42,45,50,81],"prediction-error":[11],"embedding":[12],"of":[13,32,44],"color":[14],"images.":[15],"Then,":[16],"lossless":[17,26],"or":[18],"lossy":[19,54],"watermark":[20,55,83],"extraction":[21],"is":[22],"used.":[23],"In":[24],"algorithm,":[27],"we":[28],"use":[29],"parameters":[31],"predicted":[34],"model":[35],"location":[38],"map":[39],"to":[40],"improve":[41],"quality":[43],"stego":[46],"image":[47,94],"restore":[49],"cover":[51],"image.":[52],"During":[53],"extraction,":[56],"two-dimensional":[57,62],"linear":[58],"discriminant":[59],"analysis":[60,65],"principal":[63],"component":[64],"are":[66],"applied.":[67],"combine":[69],"information":[71],"hiding":[72],"schemes.":[75],"The":[76],"experimental":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"embedded":[82],"can":[84],"be":[85],"correctly":[86],"extracted":[87],"provide":[89],"better":[90],"robustness":[91],"after":[92],"various":[93],"attacks.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}