{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2475646435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","title":"Segmentation of activated sludge flocs with modeling of illumination noise","display_name":"Segmentation of activated sludge flocs with modeling of illumination noise","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2475646435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","mag":"2475646435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068691603","display_name":"Muhammad Burhan Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-0860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Burhan Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021888301","display_name":"Humaira Nisar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humaira Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112922955","display_name":"Choon Aun Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choon Aun Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042377669","display_name":"Po Kim Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po Kim Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012854482","display_name":"Vooi Voon Yap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-1113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vooi Voon Yap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068691603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05855304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"208","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6419394016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5970500111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5694400072097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5594510436058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5472474098205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5356343388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5076919794082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/otsus-method","display_name":"Otsu's method","score":0.48555275797843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sewage-treatment","display_name":"Sewage treatment","score":0.477530837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.47292688488960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.42834874987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40635138750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28331661224365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1872921586036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.11903348565101624}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6419394016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5970500111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5694400072097778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5594510436058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5472474098205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5356343388557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5076919794082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21729346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444417","display_name":"Otsu's method","level":4,"score":0.48555275797843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.477530837059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.47292688488960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.42834874987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40635138750076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28331661224365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1872921586036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.11903348565101624}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2016.7520981","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics-Taiwan (ICCE-TW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929017492","https://openalex.org/W2000479743","https://openalex.org/W2003099669","https://openalex.org/W2005008005","https://openalex.org/W2070667516","https://openalex.org/W2076713476","https://openalex.org/W2087559231","https://openalex.org/W2098495081","https://openalex.org/W2101816095","https://openalex.org/W2128060444","https://openalex.org/W2129224689","https://openalex.org/W2158519562","https://openalex.org/W2327942268","https://openalex.org/W4241010644","https://openalex.org/W4244030505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309330417","https://openalex.org/W1497460680","https://openalex.org/W2106731176","https://openalex.org/W2387104004","https://openalex.org/W2219579304","https://openalex.org/W3095400015","https://openalex.org/W3047671631","https://openalex.org/W2902098370","https://openalex.org/W2122667464","https://openalex.org/W2054831422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"of":[2,19,22,28,47,69,86,104,114],"activated":[3,49],"sludge":[4,50],"wastewater":[5,51],"treatment":[6],"plant":[7],"for":[8,42],"abnormal":[9],"operation":[10],"can":[11],"be":[12],"done":[13],"using":[14,74,83],"image":[15],"processing":[16],"and":[17,61,76,106],"analysis":[18],"microscopic":[20,45],"images":[21,46],"samples":[23],"collected":[24],"from":[25],"aeration":[26],"tank":[27],"the":[29,48,70,100,115],"plant.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"a":[34],"novel":[35],"illumination":[36,54],"compensated":[37],"segmentation":[38,80],"technique":[39],"is":[40,56,72,81,97],"proposed":[41,95,116],"bright":[43],"field":[44],"samples.":[52],"The":[53,67,79,94,108],"noise":[55],"modeled":[57],"as":[58],"Gaussian":[59],"distribution":[60],"used":[62],"with":[63,99],"global":[64],"Otsu":[65],"thresholding.":[66],"performance":[68,109,113],"algorithm":[71,96],"assessed":[73,82],"accuracy":[75],"Rand":[77],"index.":[78],"gold":[84],"approximations":[85],"ground":[87],"truth":[88],"images,":[89],"which":[90],"were":[91],"prepared":[92],"manually.":[93],"compared":[98],"local":[101],"adaptive":[102],"algorithms":[103],"Sauvola":[105],"Bradley.":[107],"metrics":[110],"showed":[111],"better":[112],"algorithm.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}