{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1575972565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","title":"Pixel value differencing steganography techniques: Analysis and open challenge","display_name":"Pixel value differencing steganography techniques: Analysis and open challenge","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1575972565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","mag":"1575972565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042894614","display_name":"Mehdi Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-2532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["MY","PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia","NUST, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NUST, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004213577","display_name":"Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, MY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, MY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047447489","display_name":"Nor Badrul Anuar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-5303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Badrul Anuar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069933022","display_name":"Rosli Salleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-8397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosli Salleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017116281","display_name":"Rafidah Md Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-2390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafidah Md Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042894614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332","https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86187473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"21","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.9668448567390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.8994823694229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7333166599273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6995682120323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.4791759252548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4566132724285126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44942426681518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4190019369125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34990251064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34734034538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1917555034160614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.9668448567390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.8994823694229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7333166599273682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6995682120323181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.4791759252548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4566132724285126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44942426681518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4190019369125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34990251064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34734034538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1917555034160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7216859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.um.edu.my:13713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400330","display_name":"The University of Malaya Research Repository (University of Malaya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","host_organization_name":"University of Malaya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1684077324","https://openalex.org/W1976138683","https://openalex.org/W1988912378","https://openalex.org/W1999988714","https://openalex.org/W2016226405","https://openalex.org/W2028954300","https://openalex.org/W2031198865","https://openalex.org/W2038663867","https://openalex.org/W2046423394","https://openalex.org/W2059136996","https://openalex.org/W2078478587","https://openalex.org/W2082042071","https://openalex.org/W2111282197","https://openalex.org/W2119567889","https://openalex.org/W2126554280","https://openalex.org/W2146621575","https://openalex.org/W2153531593","https://openalex.org/W2161595539","https://openalex.org/W2339234989","https://openalex.org/W3203423607","https://openalex.org/W6703703100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560172240","https://openalex.org/W3217722139","https://openalex.org/W3146660591","https://openalex.org/W1995538220","https://openalex.org/W4377927309","https://openalex.org/W3020816551","https://openalex.org/W2338095724","https://openalex.org/W83713408","https://openalex.org/W2497446005","https://openalex.org/W2171676767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steganography":[0],"is":[1,20,54,58],"the":[2,59,80],"science":[3],"of":[4,51,62,74],"secret":[5],"data":[6],"communication":[7],"using":[8,66],"carrier":[9],"medium,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,33],"images,":[13],"videos,":[14],"text,":[15],"and":[16,25,42,72,76],"networks.":[17],"Image":[18],"steganography":[19],"majorly":[21],"divided":[22],"into":[23],"spatial":[24,47],"frequency":[26],"domains.":[27],"Pixel":[28],"value":[29],"differencing":[30],"(PVD)":[31],"considered":[32],"good":[34,43],"steganographic":[35,86],"algorithm":[36],"due":[37],"to":[38],"its":[39],"high":[40],"payload":[41],"visual":[44,70],"perception":[45],"in":[46],"domain.":[48],"The":[49],"purpose":[50],"this":[52],"paper":[53],"two":[55],"folded.":[56],"First":[57],"critical":[60],"analysis":[61],"current":[63,81],"PVD":[64,85],"methods":[65],"evaluating":[67],"parameters":[68],"(payload,":[69],"quality":[71],"resistance":[73],"attacks)":[75],"secondly":[77],"it":[78],"highlights":[79],"promising":[82],"directions":[83],"on":[84],"research.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}