{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987772243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","title":"An Arduino-based indoor positioning system (IPS) using visible light communication and ultrasound","display_name":"An Arduino-based indoor positioning system (IPS) using visible light communication and ultrasound","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987772243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","mag":"1987772243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/102998/1/An%20Arduino-based%20indoor%20positioning%20system%20%28IPS%29%20using%20visible%20light%20communication%20and%20ultrasound.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066210275","display_name":"Lih Chieh Png","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lih Chieh Png","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041904887","display_name":"Liangquan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangquan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611147","display_name":"Song Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2827-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064568278","display_name":"Wei Kuan Peh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Kuan Peh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, VIRTUS IC Design Centre of Excellence, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, VIRTUS, IC Design Centre of Excellence, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Block S3.2, Level B2. Singapore 639798","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066210275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86981181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arduino","display_name":"Arduino","score":0.834740936756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.7363974452018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.727666974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6460440158843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.624075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5752233266830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5747717022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5116527676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.4565316438674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-receiver","display_name":"Gps receiver","score":0.44610586762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42362383008003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.41878488659858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4089183509349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29719698429107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1779422163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.12118586897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0809139609336853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136501162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175957","display_name":"Arduino","level":2,"score":0.834740936756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.7363974452018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.727666974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6460440158843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.624075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5752233266830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5747717022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5116527676582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.4565316438674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987779331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486497","display_name":"Gps receiver","level":4,"score":0.44610586762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42362383008003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.41878488659858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4089183509349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29719698429107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1779422163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.12118586897850037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0809139609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2014.6904066","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/102998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/25744","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/102998/1/An%20Arduino-based%20indoor%20positioning%20system%20%28IPS%29%20using%20visible%20light%20communication%20and%20ultrasound.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/102998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/25744","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/102998/1/An%20Arduino-based%20indoor%20positioning%20system%20%28IPS%29%20using%20visible%20light%20communication%20and%20ultrasound.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1987772243.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1845465823","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W7036985837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886730758","https://openalex.org/W4308459042","https://openalex.org/W2335995775","https://openalex.org/W2523975735","https://openalex.org/W2529956042","https://openalex.org/W2189026812","https://openalex.org/W2384381998","https://openalex.org/W2120261576","https://openalex.org/W2181659791","https://openalex.org/W2353744296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"versatile":[1],"outdoor":[2],"and":[3,13,29,39,52,117],"indoor":[4,81],"position":[5,77,82,97,110],"detection":[6],"mobile":[7],"prototype":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"successfully":[11],"constructed":[12],"tested.":[14],"The":[15,56,120],"receiver":[16],"consists":[17,59],"of":[18,60,83,156],"a":[19,22,25,88,102,129],"GPS":[20,93],"module,":[21],"GSM":[23,127],"shield,":[24],"visible-light":[26],"data":[27,122],"receiver,":[28],"two":[30],"ultrasonic":[31,45],"sensors,":[32],"all":[33],"controlled":[34],"by":[35,114],"an":[36,40,67,134],"Arduino":[37,41,68],"Mega":[38],"Uno":[42,69],"microcontroller.":[43],"Each":[44],"sensor":[46],"detects":[47],"distance":[48],"in":[49,142,150],"the":[50,75,80,84,92,99,115],"X":[51],"Y":[53],"axis":[54],"respectively.":[55],"transmitter":[57],"system":[58,131,138],"four":[61],"LED":[62,85],"shields":[63],"each":[64],"attached":[65],"to":[66,73,79,128,133],"which":[70],"is":[71,90,139],"programmed":[72],"transmit":[74],"global":[76,96,109],"relevant":[78],"lamp.":[86],"When":[87,101],"person":[89,103],"outdoors,":[91],"module":[94],"receives":[95],"from":[98],"satellite.":[100],"goes":[104],"indoors,":[105],"his":[106],"or":[107,132],"her":[108],"will":[111],"be":[112,124],"given":[113],"LEDs":[116],"ultrasound":[118],"sensors.":[119],"location":[121],"can":[123],"transmitted":[125],"via":[126],"monitoring":[130],"individual":[135],"smartphone.":[136],"This":[137],"extremely":[140],"useful":[141],"elderly":[143],"care":[144],"service.":[145],"It":[146],"ensures":[147],"specific":[148],"accuracy":[149],"locating":[151],"senior":[152],"citizens":[153],"during":[154],"cases":[155],"emergency.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}