{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070173653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","title":"Stair sensing system based on optical 3D data for an autonomous stair-climbing wheelchair","display_name":"Stair sensing system based on optical 3D data for an autonomous stair-climbing wheelchair","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070173653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","mag":"2070173653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053351385","display_name":"Michael C. Hacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-2294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802623092","display_name":"Kempten University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02m4p8096","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Hacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, Kempten, Germany","University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, 87435, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, Kempten, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, 87435, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001847513","display_name":"Petra Friedrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802623092","display_name":"Kempten University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02m4p8096","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petra Friedrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, Kempten, Germany","University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, 87435, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, Kempten, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Kempten, CoKeTT Center, 87435, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010110072","display_name":"Anna Eichinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152224","display_name":"Heinz Nixdorf Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/04j2tkk21","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Eichinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen, Munchen, Germany","Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80333, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen, Munchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152224","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047506006","display_name":"Bernhard Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-7114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152224","display_name":"Heinz Nixdorf Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/04j2tkk21","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen, Munchen, Germany","Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80333, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t Munchen, Munchen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152224","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl f\u00fcr Medizinische Elektronik, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80333, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053351385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802623092"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1293567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"400","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair","display_name":"Wheelchair","score":0.7819473743438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stair-climbing","display_name":"Stair climbing","score":0.6432603597640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6389934420585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stairs","display_name":"Stairs","score":0.6252295970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5988362431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climbing","display_name":"Climbing","score":0.5690550804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.560359537601471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5346946120262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5078848004341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.3487820029258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3206058740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22134017944335938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781042323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191931","display_name":"Wheelchair","level":2,"score":0.7819473743438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776319952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2451755","display_name":"Stair climbing","level":2,"score":0.6432603597640991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389934420585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12511","display_name":"Stairs","level":2,"score":0.6252295970916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5988362431526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95038775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22857","display_name":"Climbing","level":2,"score":0.5690550804138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.560359537601471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5346946120262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5078848004341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.3487820029258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3206058740615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22134017944335938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2014.7034274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Consumer Electronics Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323383","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330076","display_name":"Heinz Nixdorf Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/04j2tkk21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192209520","https://openalex.org/W1606232440","https://openalex.org/W2056898157","https://openalex.org/W2537774503"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082442769","https://openalex.org/W2097798748","https://openalex.org/W2178596988","https://openalex.org/W2029973929","https://openalex.org/W2045255587","https://openalex.org/W3120644063","https://openalex.org/W2323112089","https://openalex.org/W2952802393","https://openalex.org/W4385234613","https://openalex.org/W2047426691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,61],"the":[4,50,59,87,100],"development":[5],"of":[6,82,99],"an":[7,45],"optical":[8],"based":[9,47],"scanning":[10],"method":[11],"for":[12,80],"a":[13,28,33,70],"new":[14],"autonomous":[15],"stair-climbing":[16],"wheel":[17],"chair.":[18],"Therefore,":[19],"two":[20],"different":[21,71,91],"3D":[22],"data":[23],"acquisition":[24],"methods":[25,67,84],"are":[26,76],"compared,":[27],"stereo":[29],"camera":[30,35],"system":[31],"and":[32,53,74,97],"RGB-D":[34],"(Kinect\u2122":[36],"from":[37],"Microsoft":[38],"<sup":[39],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[40],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00ae</sup>":[41],").":[42],"After":[43],"that,":[44],"image":[46],"algorithm":[48],"calculates":[49],"step":[51],"width":[52],"height":[54],"in":[55,86],"order":[56],"to":[57],"support":[58],"wheelchair":[60],"control":[62],"information.":[63],"As":[64],"both":[65,83],"detecting":[66],"work":[68],"on":[69],"principle,":[72],"advantages":[73],"disadvantages":[75],"discussed.":[77],"The":[78],"focus":[79],"comparison":[81],"lies":[85],"stair":[88],"recognition":[89],"under":[90],"conditions":[92],"such":[93],"as":[94],"external":[95],"lightening":[96],"material":[98],"stairs.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}