{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2549378984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","title":"Refresh-aware loop scheduling for high performance low power volatile STT-RAM","display_name":"Refresh-aware loop scheduling for high performance low power volatile STT-RAM","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2549378984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","mag":"2549378984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 34th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026823951","display_name":"Keni Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keni Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110688457","display_name":"Junpeng Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junpeng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001894568","display_name":"Zhiyao Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyao Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101447392","display_name":"Weigong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weigong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378697","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-7013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016606164","display_name":"Yuanchao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4165-9138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455376","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-8022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441768","display_name":"Chun Jason Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Jason Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79909008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"209","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7951043248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7263018488883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5571258664131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5400398969650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5265196561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stencil","display_name":"Stencil","score":0.4971165955066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.49247512221336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4920179545879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-retention","display_name":"Data retention","score":0.4885617196559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36404091119766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.315268874168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2922269105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09315630793571472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7951043248176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7263018488883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5571258664131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5400398969650269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5265196561813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76752949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7607499","display_name":"Stencil","level":2,"score":0.4971165955066681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.49247512221336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4920179545879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780866740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227345","display_name":"Data retention","level":2,"score":0.4885617196559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36404091119766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.315268874168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2922269105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09315630793571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2016.7753282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE 34th International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965084585","https://openalex.org/W1986890602","https://openalex.org/W2042147384","https://openalex.org/W2043465878","https://openalex.org/W2047202013","https://openalex.org/W2047379549","https://openalex.org/W2053607204","https://openalex.org/W2064977311","https://openalex.org/W2072656003","https://openalex.org/W2085207471","https://openalex.org/W2088090735","https://openalex.org/W2091839812","https://openalex.org/W2108048675","https://openalex.org/W2135962475","https://openalex.org/W2155551886","https://openalex.org/W2255015856","https://openalex.org/W2276531971","https://openalex.org/W2329608471","https://openalex.org/W2333032139","https://openalex.org/W2399791295","https://openalex.org/W3143249011","https://openalex.org/W4239242923","https://openalex.org/W4245341880","https://openalex.org/W6713111224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3105129168","https://openalex.org/W2804920739","https://openalex.org/W4316371992","https://openalex.org/W2186216222","https://openalex.org/W2392765154","https://openalex.org/W2023834321","https://openalex.org/W1785301911","https://openalex.org/W4295791092","https://openalex.org/W2765125965","https://openalex.org/W2128563080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,154],"highlighted":[1],"advantages":[2],"of":[3,108],"low":[4,67],"leakage":[5],"power,":[6],"high":[7],"storage":[8],"density":[9],"and":[10,40,58,66,111,150,161,169],"immunity":[11],"to":[12,21,54,59,78,147],"electronic":[13],"magnetic":[14],"radiation":[15],"make":[16],"STT-RAM":[17,35],"a":[18,64,117,126],"promising":[19],"candidate":[20],"build":[22],"cache,":[23],"SPM":[24],"or":[25],"main":[26],"memory":[27],"in":[28,63,102,125],"embedded":[29],"systems.":[30],"However,":[31],"write":[32,112],"operations":[33,75],"on":[34],"have":[36,52,60],"considerably":[37],"longer":[38],"latency":[39,160],"higher":[41],"energy":[42,163],"consumption":[43],"than":[44,87],"conventional":[45],"SRAM.":[46],"To":[47],"solve":[48],"this":[49,71,95],"problem,":[50],"researchers":[51],"proposed":[53,174],"relax":[55],"STT-RAM's":[56],"non-volatility":[57],"it":[61],"work":[62],"fast":[65],"power":[68,152],"mode.":[69],"Under":[70],"volatile":[72],"mode,":[73],"refresh":[74,96,139],"are":[76],"needed":[77],"guarantee":[79],"data":[80,101,131],"correctness":[81],"if":[82],"their":[83],"lifespan":[84,132],"is":[85,92,98],"larger":[86],"the":[88,106,173],"retention":[89],"time.":[90],"It":[91],"observed":[93],"that":[94,130,158],"overhead":[97,140],"significant":[99],"for":[100],"stencil":[103],"loops":[104,124],"with":[105],"characteristic":[107],"constant":[109],"read":[110],"dependencies.":[113],"This":[114],"paper":[115],"proposes":[116],"loop":[118],"scheduling":[119,175],"technique":[120],"which":[121],"can":[122,133,141,164],"traverse":[123],"new":[127],"direction":[128],"such":[129],"be":[134,142,165],"greatly":[135],"shortened.":[136],"Therefore,":[137],"overall":[138],"efficiently":[143],"mitigated":[144],"so":[145],"as":[146],"improve":[148],"performance":[149],"reduce":[151],"consumption.":[153],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"indicate":[157],"access":[159],"dynamic":[162],"improved":[166],"by":[167,172],"21.4~96.0%":[168],"22.0~95.5%":[170],"respectively":[171],"scheme.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
