{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965912002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","title":"Loose-Ordering Consistency for persistent memory","display_name":"Loose-Ordering Consistency for persistent memory","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965912002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","mag":"1965912002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Loose-Ordering_Consistency_for_Persistent_Memory/6468989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052095173","display_name":"Youyou Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-5390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youyou Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740783","display_name":"Jiwu Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7362-2789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwu Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049242430","display_name":"Long Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5474-3043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050695684","display_name":"Onur Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Architecture Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Architecture Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":140,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99648228,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"216","last_page":"223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8527538180351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.7492212653160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5698683261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensating-transaction","display_name":"Compensating transaction","score":0.5474914908409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.5188361406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5039071440696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-model","display_name":"Consistency model","score":0.4898469150066376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-data-structure","display_name":"Persistent data structure","score":0.4869919717311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-versioning","display_name":"Software versioning","score":0.4342436194419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-transaction-processing","display_name":"Online transaction processing","score":0.43254250288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4216480851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.41479814052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-processing","display_name":"Transaction processing","score":0.3870358169078827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3527274429798126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-consistency","display_name":"Data consistency","score":0.27196621894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2556565999984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19492557644844055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8527538180351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7492212653160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5698683261871338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155951066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156254","display_name":"Compensating transaction","level":5,"score":0.5474914908409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.5188361406326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5039071440696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37279795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2492305","display_name":"Consistency model","level":3,"score":0.4898469150066376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C888380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2427787","display_name":"Persistent data structure","level":2,"score":0.4869919717311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198140048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859422","display_name":"Software versioning","level":3,"score":0.4342436194419861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191087605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501395","display_name":"Online transaction processing","level":4,"score":0.43254250288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4216480851173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41479814052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.3870358169078827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3527274429798126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93361087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4426698","display_name":"Data consistency","level":2,"score":0.27196621894836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2556565999984741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19492557644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2014.6974684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:ece-1361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/ece/383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.1184/r1/6468989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.646.1387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.646.1387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.cmu.edu/~omutlu/pub/loose-ordering-consistency-for-persistent-memory_iccd14.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.951.9435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.951.9435","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1361%26context%3Dece","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6468989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Loose-Ordering_Consistency_for_Persistent_Memory/6468989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.1184/r1/6468989.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6468989.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050927","display_name":"KiltHub Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6468989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Loose-Ordering_Consistency_for_Persistent_Memory/6468989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W885563685","https://openalex.org/W1487773734","https://openalex.org/W1525227808","https://openalex.org/W1567210335","https://openalex.org/W1568181892","https://openalex.org/W1593410499","https://openalex.org/W1992755462","https://openalex.org/W1994681235","https://openalex.org/W1996031850","https://openalex.org/W2005887179","https://openalex.org/W2009404871","https://openalex.org/W2015477844","https://openalex.org/W2028802049","https://openalex.org/W2043521205","https://openalex.org/W2048588974","https://openalex.org/W2083544890","https://openalex.org/W2102449048","https://openalex.org/W2104954161","https://openalex.org/W2113637091","https://openalex.org/W2113751407","https://openalex.org/W2128310110","https://openalex.org/W2135393827","https://openalex.org/W2135965542","https://openalex.org/W2147539449","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2147926533","https://openalex.org/W2150662965","https://openalex.org/W2155694951","https://openalex.org/W2157808045","https://openalex.org/W2166905397","https://openalex.org/W2171724053","https://openalex.org/W2172126130","https://openalex.org/W2340530615","https://openalex.org/W2610308442","https://openalex.org/W2753710282","https://openalex.org/W2914934190","https://openalex.org/W2955325419","https://openalex.org/W4211133312","https://openalex.org/W4211249698","https://openalex.org/W4232718973","https://openalex.org/W4244583165","https://openalex.org/W4250281317","https://openalex.org/W6623739940","https://openalex.org/W6629140250","https://openalex.org/W6633610439","https://openalex.org/W6633954485","https://openalex.org/W6635353061","https://openalex.org/W6649096116","https://openalex.org/W6678953495","https://openalex.org/W6759214596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731282421","https://openalex.org/W579270350","https://openalex.org/W590454891","https://openalex.org/W2123909466","https://openalex.org/W2090136942","https://openalex.org/W2350726838","https://openalex.org/W2427525016","https://openalex.org/W2126125511","https://openalex.org/W2012414077","https://openalex.org/W2042795992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"non-volatile":[1],"memory":[2,11,23,54,77,102],"(NVM)":[3],"technologies":[4],"enable":[5,38,212],"data":[6,64,173],"persistence":[7],"at":[8,13,74,104,141],"the":[9,75,79,83,97,122,132,142,156,181,217,228,237],"main":[10,76],"level":[12],"access":[14],"speeds":[15],"close":[16],"to":[17,26,32,46,52,134,175,190,194,203,247],"DRAM.":[18],"In":[19],"such":[20],"persistent":[21,53,101,137,195],"memories,":[22],"writes":[24,51,103,126,184,189],"need":[25,133],"be":[27,191],"performed":[28],"in":[29,78,227],"strict":[30,48,242],"order":[31,49,80],"satisfy":[33],"storage":[34],"consistency":[35],"requirements":[36,99],"and":[37,69,223],"correct":[39],"recovery":[40,163],"from":[41,66,245],"system":[42,57],"crashes.":[43],"Unfortunately,":[44],"adhering":[45],"a":[47,88,128,136,145,250],"for":[50,71,125,225],"significantly":[55,105],"degrades":[56],"performance":[58,107,239],"as":[59],"it":[60],"requires":[61,216],"flushing":[62],"dirty":[63],"blocks":[65,171],"CPU":[67,229],"caches":[68],"waiting":[70],"their":[72],"completion":[73],"specified":[81],"by":[82,130,150,164,187],"program.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"introduces":[87],"new":[89],"mechanism,":[90],"called":[91],"Loose-Ordering":[92],"Consistency":[93],"(LOC),":[94],"that":[95,152,234],"satisfies":[96],"ordering":[98,182,244],"of":[100,114,144,158,172,183,219,241,252],"lower":[106],"degradation":[108],"than":[109],"state-of-the-art":[110],"mechanisms.":[111],"LOC":[112,235],"consists":[113],"two":[115],"key":[116],"techniques.":[117],"First,":[118],"Eager":[119],"Commit":[120],"reduces":[121,236],"commit":[123,138],"overhead":[124,240],"within":[127],"transaction":[129,209,221],"eliminating":[131],"perform":[135],"record":[139],"write":[140,199,243],"end":[143],"transaction.":[146],"We":[147],"do":[148],"so":[149],"ensuring":[151],"we":[153],"can":[154],"determine":[155],"status":[157],"all":[159],"committed":[160,220],"transactions":[161,186],"during":[162],"storing":[165],"necessary":[166],"metadata":[167],"information":[168],"statically":[169],"with":[170],"written":[174,193],"memory.":[176,196],"Second,":[177],"Speculative":[178],"Persistence":[179],"relaxes":[180],"between":[185],"allowing":[188],"speculatively":[192],"A":[197],"speculative":[198],"is":[200],"made":[201],"visible":[202],"software":[204],"only":[205],"after":[206],"its":[207],"associated":[208],"commits.":[210],"To":[211],"this,":[213],"our":[214],"mechanism":[215],"tracking":[218],"ID":[222],"support":[224],"multi-versioning":[226],"cache.":[230],"Our":[231],"evaluations":[232],"show":[233],"average":[238],"66.9%":[246],"34.9%":[248],"on":[249],"variety":[251],"workloads.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}