{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2078635214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","title":"Assessing the impact of hard faults in performance components of modern microprocessors","display_name":"Assessing the impact of hard faults in performance components of modern microprocessors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2078635214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","mag":"2078635214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 31st International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067900257","display_name":"Nikos Foutris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72702400","display_name":"Athens State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx16v02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72702400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Foutris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece","Dept. Of Inf. & Telecommun., Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72702400","https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Of Inf. & Telecommun., Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007119083","display_name":"Dimitris Gizopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72702400","display_name":"Athens State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zx16v02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72702400"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Gizopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece","Dept. Of Inf. & Telecommun., Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics & Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72702400","https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Of Inf. & Telecommun., Univ. of Athens, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024896573","display_name":"John Kalamatianos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9835-1254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137977","display_name":"Advanced Micro Devices (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kd6c783","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Kalamatianos","raw_affiliation_strings":["AMD Research, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AMD Research, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061044305","display_name":"Vilas Sridharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137977","display_name":"Advanced Micro Devices (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kd6c783","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106389","display_name":"Physical Devices (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nsm8h24","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vilas Sridharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAS Architecture, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA","RAS Archit., Adv. Mcro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAS Architecture, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAS Archit., Adv. Mcro Devices, Inc., Boxborough, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067900257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72702400","https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.44594496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85919194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"207","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spec#","display_name":"Spec#","score":0.9066733121871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6957853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.6673623919487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microprocessor","display_name":"Microprocessor","score":0.6294819116592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.5763272643089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.5310889482498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-logic","display_name":"Control logic","score":0.4916298985481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.47487494349479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.4727117717266083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4679366946220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4495469629764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.41976314783096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.41672271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-improvement","display_name":"Performance improvement","score":0.4119695723056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19518715143203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19086772203445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18909242749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18490585684776306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778565505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2207566","display_name":"Spec#","level":2,"score":0.9066733121871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6957853436470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.6673623919487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5297","display_name":"Microprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6294819116592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.5763272643089294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.5310889482498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776350369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843479","display_name":"Control logic","level":2,"score":0.4916298985481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.47487494349479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.4727117717266083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4679366946220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4495469629764557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.41976314783096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.41672271490097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.4119695723056793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19518715143203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19086772203445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18909242749214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18490585684776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2013.6657044","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 31st International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498626800","https://openalex.org/W1515422725","https://openalex.org/W2056641105","https://openalex.org/W2057234250","https://openalex.org/W2060416441","https://openalex.org/W2070347956","https://openalex.org/W2074088899","https://openalex.org/W2086311869","https://openalex.org/W2099339734","https://openalex.org/W2099828501","https://openalex.org/W2100110579","https://openalex.org/W2109015923","https://openalex.org/W2110346044","https://openalex.org/W2111026284","https://openalex.org/W2113167168","https://openalex.org/W2113441357","https://openalex.org/W2117141734","https://openalex.org/W2117226389","https://openalex.org/W2119306084","https://openalex.org/W2121494648","https://openalex.org/W2125067970","https://openalex.org/W2125890858","https://openalex.org/W2126022966","https://openalex.org/W2126696437","https://openalex.org/W2128731376","https://openalex.org/W2130016203","https://openalex.org/W2132362854","https://openalex.org/W2135719553","https://openalex.org/W2136444750","https://openalex.org/W2144382742","https://openalex.org/W2146018705","https://openalex.org/W2147889335","https://openalex.org/W2153243017","https://openalex.org/W2162707747","https://openalex.org/W2172278174","https://openalex.org/W3149134903","https://openalex.org/W4233714602","https://openalex.org/W4235837895","https://openalex.org/W4238002809","https://openalex.org/W4255519882","https://openalex.org/W6676823070","https://openalex.org/W6678706103","https://openalex.org/W6678781723","https://openalex.org/W6678799711","https://openalex.org/W6817811968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W878150521","https://openalex.org/W2008941207","https://openalex.org/W2373662841","https://openalex.org/W1970478390","https://openalex.org/W1533638723","https://openalex.org/W2538455664","https://openalex.org/W1935809293","https://openalex.org/W2014660195","https://openalex.org/W2347293757","https://openalex.org/W4297792567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"growing":[1],"portion":[2],"of":[3,7,71,78,86,91,113,122,161,181,226,250],"the":[4,76,79,84,111,117,129,162,169,179,188,210,239],"silicon":[5],"area":[6],"modern":[8],"high-performance":[9],"microprocessors":[10,92],"is":[11],"dedicated":[12],"to":[13,32,58,224,234],"components":[14,29,67,90,126,156,189,203,231],"that":[15,218,241],"increase":[16],"performance":[17,33,80,106,125,155,185,235,256,262],"but":[18],"do":[19,39],"not":[20,40,54],"determine":[21],"functional":[22,42],"correctness.":[23],"Permanent":[24],"hardware":[25],"faults":[26,64,115,153,182,200,228],"in":[27,65,96,116,154,178,209,229,254],"these":[28,66,230],"can":[30,93,258],"lead":[31],"fluctuation":[34],"(not":[35],"necessarily":[36],"degradation)":[37],"and":[38,61,119,138,140,183,204,212],"produce":[41],"errors.":[43],"Although":[44],"this":[45],"fact":[46],"has":[47,53],"been":[48,56],"identified":[49],"previously,":[50],"extensive":[51],"research":[52],"yet":[55],"conducted":[57],"accurately":[59],"classify":[60,199],"quantify":[62],"permanent":[63,114,227],"over":[68],"a":[69,145,158,219,251,255],"set":[70],"CPU":[72],"benchmarks":[73],"or":[74,98],"measure":[75],"magnitude":[77],"impact.":[81],"Depending":[82],"on":[83,157],"results":[85],"such":[87,127],"studies,":[88],"performance-related":[89],"be":[94],"disabled":[95],"fine":[97],"coarse":[99],"granularities,":[100],"salvaging":[101],"microprocessor":[102,124,261],"functionality":[103,245],"at":[104],"different":[105],"levels.":[107],"This":[108],"paper":[109],"analyzes":[110],"impact":[112,208],"arrays":[118,211],"control":[120,213],"logic":[121],"key":[123],"as":[128,190,192],"branch":[130,132],"predictor,":[131],"target":[133],"buffer,":[134],"return":[135],"address":[136],"stack,":[137],"data":[139],"instruction":[141],"prefetchers.":[142],"We":[143,198],"apply":[144],"statistically":[146],"safe":[147],"fault":[148,253],"injection":[149],"campaign":[150],"for":[151,201,266],"single":[152,252],"modified":[159],"version":[160],"cycle-accurate":[163],"x86":[164],"architectural":[165],"simulator":[166],"PTLsim":[167],"running":[168],"SPEC":[170,267],"CPU2006":[171],"suite.":[172],"Our":[173,215],"evaluation":[174],"reveals":[175],"significant":[176],"differences":[177],"effect":[180],"their":[184,206],"impacts":[186],"across":[187],"well":[191],"within":[193],"each":[194],"component":[195,257],"(different":[196],"fields).":[197],"all":[202],"analyze":[205],"IPC":[207,264],"logic.":[214],"analysis":[216],"shows":[217],"very":[220],"large":[221],"fraction":[222],"(44%":[223],"96%)":[225],"leads":[232],"only":[233],"fluctuation.":[236],"Observation":[237],"confirms":[238],"intuition":[240],"there":[242],"are":[243],"no":[244],"errors;":[246],"however,":[247],"many":[248],"cases":[249],"significantly":[259],"degrade":[260],"(2-20%average":[263],"reduction":[265],"CPU2006).":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
