{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121453093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","title":"Amdahl\u2019s figure of merit, SiGe HBT BiCMOS, and 3D chip stacking","display_name":"Amdahl\u2019s figure of merit, SiGe HBT BiCMOS, and 3D chip stacking","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121453093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","mag":"2121453093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 25th International Conference on Computer Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104669563","display_name":"Phil Jacobs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phil Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048717783","display_name":"Aamir Zia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Zia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049647322","display_name":"Okan Erdogan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okan Erdogan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006889674","display_name":"Paul M. Belemjian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Belemjian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086064614","display_name":"Peng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-6091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372658","display_name":"Jin Woo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7535-5533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Woo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110219555","display_name":"Mike Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113886333","display_name":"R.P. Kraft","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russ Kraft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038903084","display_name":"J. F. McDonald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-6845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165799507","display_name":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01rtyzb94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John F. McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electronics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Integrated Electron., Rensselaer Polytech. Inst., Troy, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104669563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165799507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63912914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"202","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterojunction-bipolar-transistor","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","score":0.800562858581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.7067615389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.7065352201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicmos","display_name":"BiCMOS","score":0.6437274217605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5423555970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4890342652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4363555908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.424239844083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3720777630805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36972659826278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24831679463386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23526862263679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.2325318455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1443236768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10297200083732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipolar-junction-transistor","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","score":0.07820937037467957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173408217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428898","display_name":"Heterojunction bipolar transistor","level":5,"score":0.800562858581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.7067615389823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.7065352201461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62427370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173416","display_name":"BiCMOS","level":4,"score":0.6437274217605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5423555970191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4890342652797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4363555908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.424239844083786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3720777630805969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36972659826278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24831679463386536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23526862263679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.2325318455696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1443236768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10297200083732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23061349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188946","display_name":"Bipolar junction transistor","level":4,"score":0.07820937037467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccd.2007.4601901","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 25th International Conference on Computer Design","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098663699","https://openalex.org/W2110444864","https://openalex.org/W2150871235","https://openalex.org/W6674878194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492027935","https://openalex.org/W2140183546","https://openalex.org/W1544173589","https://openalex.org/W2537721720","https://openalex.org/W1586292687","https://openalex.org/W4387933462","https://openalex.org/W2154960098","https://openalex.org/W2140681148","https://openalex.org/W2555993941","https://openalex.org/W374815425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forty":[0],"years":[1],"ago":[2],"Gene":[3],"Amdahl":[4],"published":[5],"a":[6,48,60,78],"figure":[7,30],"of":[8,31],"merit":[9,32],"for":[10],"parallel":[11],"computation,":[12],"which":[13],"proved":[14],"extremely":[15],"controversial.":[16],"The":[17],"controversy":[18],"still":[19],"rages":[20],"today,":[21],"although":[22],"those":[23],"that":[24,34,52,54],"have":[25],"looked":[26],"closely":[27],"at":[28,47,63],"this":[29,42],"conclude":[33],"it":[35],"is":[36],"correct,":[37],"but":[38],"perhaps":[39],"misinterpreted.":[40],"In":[41],"paper":[43],"we":[44],"will":[45],"look":[46,62],"small":[49],"variation":[50],"on":[51],"law":[53],"suggests":[55],"computer":[56],"designers":[57],"should":[58],"take":[59],"closer":[61],"two":[64],"emerging":[65],"technologies,":[66],"SiGe":[67],"HBT":[68],"BiCMOS":[69],"and":[70,85],"3D":[71],"chip":[72],"stacking.":[73],"We":[74],"may":[75],"be":[76],"overlooking":[77],"way":[79],"to":[80],"continue":[81],"the":[82],"clock":[83],"race,":[84],"in":[86],"so":[87],"doing":[88],"accomplish":[89],"better":[90],"parallelism.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}