{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382053020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313","title":"Unsupervised Dual Modality Prompt Learning for Facial Expression Recognition","display_name":"Unsupervised Dual Modality Prompt Learning for Facial Expression Recognition","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382053020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075523693","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-0379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei University of Technology,Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China","Computer Science and Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei University of Technology,Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075523693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.369,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58658855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1056","last_page":"1061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8089996576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6423612833023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.5658419132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4943413734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.4860296845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.48309946060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4636610150337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4592014253139496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.45120275020599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4508990943431854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.4492295980453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4449135661125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42654693126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4125370979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39395663142204285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8089996576309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6423612833023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.5658419132232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4943413734436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.4860296845436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.48309946060180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4636610150337219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4592014253139496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45120275020599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4508990943431854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.4492295980453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4449135661125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42654693126678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4125370979309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39395663142204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccs57501.2023.10151313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 8th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W870084106","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1889081078","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124033848","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2317066306","https://openalex.org/W2560730294","https://openalex.org/W2562153041","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2766176255","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2955429306","https://openalex.org/W2962714319","https://openalex.org/W2963785020","https://openalex.org/W2964345214","https://openalex.org/W2990230185","https://openalex.org/W3034655362","https://openalex.org/W3044438666","https://openalex.org/W3098267758","https://openalex.org/W3126337491","https://openalex.org/W3129576130","https://openalex.org/W3166396011","https://openalex.org/W3166986030","https://openalex.org/W3172642864","https://openalex.org/W3174770825","https://openalex.org/W3198377975","https://openalex.org/W3200114289","https://openalex.org/W3205021045","https://openalex.org/W3205789812","https://openalex.org/W3212456749","https://openalex.org/W3213647938","https://openalex.org/W3215626407","https://openalex.org/W4205991051","https://openalex.org/W4224545477","https://openalex.org/W4285247752","https://openalex.org/W4296151208","https://openalex.org/W4296406182","https://openalex.org/W4312238419","https://openalex.org/W4312310776","https://openalex.org/W4312424618","https://openalex.org/W4312983485","https://openalex.org/W4324080637","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6790019176","https://openalex.org/W6790978476","https://openalex.org/W6791353385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385859805","https://openalex.org/W2530972254","https://openalex.org/W2374013449","https://openalex.org/W73545470","https://openalex.org/W2364381299","https://openalex.org/W2374430585","https://openalex.org/W3144423903","https://openalex.org/W2377397762","https://openalex.org/W2642127892","https://openalex.org/W4283320496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"method":[1,222],"of":[2,33,54,89,126,141,156],"facial":[3,236],"expression":[4,237],"recognition":[5,35,100,238],"using":[6],"a":[7,31,52,63,86,146,161],"vision":[8,94],"language":[9,95],"model":[10,159,179],"is":[11,131],"proposed.":[12],"Recently":[13],"vision-language":[14],"models":[15,22,96],"for":[16,73,92,137,174,204,235],"example":[17],"CLIP":[18,127,158,227],"(Contrastive":[19],"Language-Image":[20],"Pre-training)":[21],"developed":[23],"by":[24],"OpenAI":[25],"have":[26],"achieved":[27],"exceptional":[28],"results":[29,210],"on":[30,145,211],"variety":[32,53],"image":[34,99],"and":[36,165,186,196,215,229],"retrieval":[37],"tasks,":[38],"exhibiting":[39],"strong":[40],"zero-shot":[41,162],"performance.":[42],"Transferable":[43],"representations":[44,198],"can":[45],"be":[46,107],"adapted":[47],"through":[48,183],"prompt":[49,66,81,119],"tuning":[50,67],"to":[51,69,78,97,106,190],"downstream":[55,74,98,147],"tasks.":[56,75,239],"From":[57],"the":[58,138,154,157,181,194,205],"general":[59],"knowledge":[60],"stored":[61],"in":[62,122],"pre-trained":[64],"model,":[65],"attempts":[68],"extract":[70],"useful":[71],"information":[72],"In":[76,149],"order":[77],"avoid":[79],"time-consuming":[80],"engineering,":[82],"recent":[83],"works":[84],"use":[85],"small":[87],"amount":[88],"labeled":[90,108],"data":[91],"adapting":[93,118],"problems.":[101],"However,":[102],"requiring":[103],"target":[104,206],"datasets":[105,217],"may":[109],"restrict":[110],"their":[111],"scalability.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"we":[114,152],"also":[115],"note":[116],"that":[117,219],"learning":[120,184,233],"techniques":[121],"only":[123],"one":[124],"branch":[125],"(vision":[128],"or":[129],"language)":[130],"suboptimal":[132],"because":[133],"it":[134],"won't":[135],"allow":[136],"dynamic":[139],"adjustment":[140],"both":[142],"representation":[143],"spaces":[144],"task.":[148],"this":[150],"paper,":[151],"evaluated":[153],"performance":[155],"as":[160],"face":[163],"recognizer":[164],"proposed":[166,221],"an":[167],"Unsupervised":[168],"Dual":[169],"Modality":[170],"Prompt":[171],"Learning":[172],"framework":[173],"Facial":[175],"Expression":[176],"Recognition.":[177],"Our":[178],"tunes":[180],"prompts":[182,188],"text":[185],"visual":[187,197],"simultaneously":[189],"improve":[191],"alignment":[192],"between":[193],"linguistic":[195],"when":[199],"labels":[200],"are":[201],"not":[202],"provided":[203],"dataset.":[207],"The":[208],"experimental":[209],"CK+,":[212],"JAFFE,":[213],"RAF-DB,":[214],"FER2013":[216],"showed":[218],"our":[220],"performs":[223],"better":[224],"compared":[225],"with":[226],"Zero-Shot":[228],"other":[230],"unsupervised":[231],"prompt-based":[232],"methods":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}