{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404031330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963","title":"Beyond the Black Box: Explainable AI for Glaucoma Detection and Future Improvements","display_name":"Beyond the Black Box: Explainable AI for Glaucoma Detection and Future Improvements","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404031330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051624856","display_name":"Avadhani Bindu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9270-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avadhani Bindu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Computing Coimbatore,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Computing Coimbatore,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009128496","display_name":"Senthil Kumar Thangavel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-7223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senthil Kumar Thangavel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Computing Coimbatore,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Computing Coimbatore,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026730702","display_name":"K. Somasundaram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-1845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Somasundaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore,Department of Mathematics,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham,Amrita School of Physical Sciences Coimbatore,Department of Mathematics,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099046333","display_name":"Sathyan Parthasaradhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sathyan Parthasaradhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sathyan Eye Hospital and Coimbatore Glaucoma Foundation Ramanathapuram,Coimbatore,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sathyan Eye Hospital and Coimbatore Glaucoma Foundation Ramanathapuram,Coimbatore,India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114511573","display_name":"Ram Gopal Pulgurthi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129842","display_name":"Yashoda Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0pk10","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129842"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram Gopal Pulgurthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medivista Eye Centre, Safilguda,Secunderabad,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medivista Eye Centre, Safilguda,Secunderabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113243032","display_name":"Meenakshi Y Dhar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282879092","display_name":"Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05ahcwz21","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282879092"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meenakshi Y Dhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences,Department of Ophthalmology,Faridabad,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences,Department of Ophthalmology,Faridabad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282879092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051624856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80283398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9498000144958496,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.7454298734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6244498491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"Glaucoma","score":0.5252068638801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38262027502059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.13606107234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.09536439180374146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.7454298734664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6244498491287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.5252068638801575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38262027502059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13606107234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.09536439180374146}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725963","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1988917483","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2034786340","https://openalex.org/W2085072358","https://openalex.org/W2093545979","https://openalex.org/W2114404799","https://openalex.org/W2122644916","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2979448322","https://openalex.org/W3091479204","https://openalex.org/W3138634820","https://openalex.org/W3165907317","https://openalex.org/W3204028931","https://openalex.org/W4200099081","https://openalex.org/W4214842105","https://openalex.org/W4220799638","https://openalex.org/W4282048668","https://openalex.org/W4285275117","https://openalex.org/W4293064641","https://openalex.org/W4304780094","https://openalex.org/W4319323644","https://openalex.org/W4379034654","https://openalex.org/W4387972858","https://openalex.org/W4388229169","https://openalex.org/W4391487164","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6749103840","https://openalex.org/W6790371555","https://openalex.org/W6793164127","https://openalex.org/W6849299701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2082087664","https://openalex.org/W2070104888","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4285351923","https://openalex.org/W4396701345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timely":[0],"and":[1,24,34,45,59,66,93,135,149,158,173,185,195,208,216,222,226,240,257],"precise":[2],"identification":[3,33],"of":[4,57,64,76,89,105,131,183,229],"glaucoma":[5,14],"is":[6,16],"essential":[7,17],"to":[8,38,84,101,116,121,143,253],"avert":[9],"irreversible":[10],"vision":[11,41],"loss.":[12],"Automating":[13],"detection":[15],"whilst":[18],"the":[19,40,86,106,110,118,141,153,186,245,265,273],"disease":[20],"worsens":[21],"over":[22],"time":[23],"manual":[25],"screening":[26],"methods":[27],"possess":[28],"limitations.":[29],"It":[30],"facilitates":[31],"early":[32],"treatment":[35],"in":[36,165,235],"order":[37],"prevent":[39],"impairment.":[42],"Machine":[43],"learning":[44,47,70,91],"deep":[46],"algorithms":[48],"are":[49,242],"efficient,":[50],"nevertheless,":[51],"they":[52],"suffer":[53],"from":[54],"a":[55,61,127,179],"lack":[56],"interpretability":[58,104,259],"require":[60],"substantial":[62],"amount":[63],"data":[65,77],"computational":[67],"resources.":[68],"Transfer":[69],"proves":[71],"efficient":[72],"by":[73,109,140],"improving":[74],"scarcity":[75],"with":[78,168,191,272],"enhanced":[79],"performance.":[80],"This":[81,123],"study":[82,124,167],"seeks":[83],"examine":[85],"operational":[87],"characteristics":[88],"transfer":[90],"approaches":[92],"employ":[94],"XAI":[95],"(eXplainable":[96],"Artificial":[97],"Intelligence)":[98],"method":[99],"LIME":[100],"achieve":[102],"clear":[103],"features":[107],"obtained":[108],"model":[111],"for":[112,220,248],"prediction,":[113],"so":[114],"as":[115,163,244],"address":[117],"challenges":[119],"related":[120],"interpretability.":[122],"has":[125,269],"used":[126],"combined":[128],"dataset":[129,138],"consisting":[130],"RIMONE,":[132],"PAPILA,":[133],"CHAKSU,":[134],"AKSHI":[136],"(a":[137],"created":[139],"authors)":[142],"develop":[144],"ResNet-50,":[145],"ResNet50-V2,":[146],"VGG-16,":[147],"VGG-19,":[148],"EfficientNet-V2S":[150,159,196,223,241],"models.":[151],"Among":[152],"developed":[154],"five":[155],"models,":[156],"ResNet-50":[157,192,221,239],"provide":[160],"better":[161],"accuracy":[162,182,256],"demonstrated":[164],"this":[166,236,249],"an":[169],"analysis":[170],"using":[171],"metrics":[172],"feature":[174,214],"visualization.":[175],"Both":[176],"models":[177,202,247],"attain":[178],"maximum":[180],"test":[181,188],"${91.78\\%}$":[184],"minimum":[187],"loss":[189],"of,":[190],"at":[193,197],"0.24":[194],"0.23.":[198],"In":[199],"addition,":[200],"these":[201],"demonstrate":[203],"superior":[204],"precision,":[205],"specificity,":[206],"sensitivity,":[207],"F1-score,":[209],"all":[210],"around":[211],"92.":[212],"Further,":[213],"maps":[215,219],"class":[217],"activation":[218,262],"show":[224],"distinct":[225],"concentrated":[227],"zones":[228],"activation,":[230],"indicating":[231],"accurate":[232],"interpretation.":[233],"Thus,":[234],"comparative":[237],"study,":[238],"choosen":[243],"best":[246],"classification":[250],"task":[251],"owing":[252],"their":[254],"high":[255],"reliable":[258],"via":[260],"visual":[261],"patterns.":[263],"Consequently,":[264],"mobile":[266],"app":[267],"ANSAN":[268],"been":[270],"integrated":[271],"ideal":[274],"clinical":[275],"decision-making":[276],"model.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}