{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388937195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159","title":"Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Transfer Learning","display_name":"Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy using Transfer Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388937195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643160","display_name":"Himanshu Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["COER University,College of Smart Computing,Roorkee,India","College of Smart Computing, COER University, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COER University,College of Smart Computing,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Smart Computing, COER University, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102906723","display_name":"Neha Arora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2934-1944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Arora","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011127066","display_name":"Sarthika Dutt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarthika Dutt","raw_affiliation_strings":["COER University,College of Smart Computing,Roorkee,India","College of Smart Computing, COER University, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COER University,College of Smart Computing,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Smart Computing, COER University, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053506379","display_name":"Aditi Gulati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditi Gulati","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111079053","display_name":"Akriti Gulati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akriti Gulati","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Roorkee,Department of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36004116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.8869110941886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.6737905740737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.6332350969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.5970738530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5829321146011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5583838820457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5506935119628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5388654470443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.538553774356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.5111392140388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5040665864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.5002741813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.49386316537857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.4282745122909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.18621337413787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12711822986602783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.8869110941886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6737905740737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6332350969314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.5970738530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5829321146011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5583838820457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5506935119628906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5388654470443726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.538553774356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.5111392140388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5040665864944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.5002741813659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.49386316537857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.4282745122909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18621337413787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12711822986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307159","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999146990","https://openalex.org/W2060968434","https://openalex.org/W2062393305","https://openalex.org/W2200128223","https://openalex.org/W2423425216","https://openalex.org/W2502390809","https://openalex.org/W2554816911","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2591082105","https://openalex.org/W2766131664","https://openalex.org/W2769713325","https://openalex.org/W2789360655","https://openalex.org/W2791485417","https://openalex.org/W2800609461","https://openalex.org/W2894558420","https://openalex.org/W2924509510","https://openalex.org/W2934420704","https://openalex.org/W2942681147","https://openalex.org/W2954801320","https://openalex.org/W2974726644","https://openalex.org/W2979325309","https://openalex.org/W2979927758","https://openalex.org/W2980444207","https://openalex.org/W2981826026","https://openalex.org/W2983395335","https://openalex.org/W3002256141","https://openalex.org/W3009103237","https://openalex.org/W3014497218","https://openalex.org/W3035941285","https://openalex.org/W3039242854","https://openalex.org/W3084156874","https://openalex.org/W3137558204","https://openalex.org/W3165183789","https://openalex.org/W4200150054","https://openalex.org/W4226194861","https://openalex.org/W4287881899","https://openalex.org/W4293795081","https://openalex.org/W4295366432","https://openalex.org/W4312601923","https://openalex.org/W4313405243","https://openalex.org/W4324268347","https://openalex.org/W4361006024","https://openalex.org/W4362475677","https://openalex.org/W4380238720","https://openalex.org/W4381433571","https://openalex.org/W6769004243","https://openalex.org/W6791520961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350259958","https://openalex.org/W2119498694","https://openalex.org/W4237698013","https://openalex.org/W2350399162","https://openalex.org/W4249730947","https://openalex.org/W1977334515","https://openalex.org/W2037746501","https://openalex.org/W2401657978","https://openalex.org/W4220767796","https://openalex.org/W2042797887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1,75,92,138,223],"is":[2,12,38,55,59,108,130,144],"the":[3,9,17,26,30,33,36,52,63,80,106,140,150,154,157,161,178,181,189,207,210,235,265,280,298,303,307,311,319,323,327,331],"problem":[4],"of":[5,16,19,35,65,68,73,89,135,156,170,201,234,277],"diabetes":[6,44],"that":[7,57,293],"affects":[8],"eyes.":[10],"It":[11,54,290],"caused":[13],"when":[14],"one":[15],"parts":[18],"an":[20,199,255,275],"eye":[21,37],"called":[22,131],"retina":[23],"or":[24],"say":[25],"blood":[27],"vessels":[28],"in":[29,62,83],"tissue":[31],"at":[32],"back":[34],"damaged.":[39],"The":[40,123,133,251],"persons":[41],"who":[42,125],"had":[43],"for":[45,166,195,258],"more":[46],"than":[47],"10":[48],"years":[49,67],"are":[50,76,118],"affected":[51,120],"most.":[53],"observed":[56],"it":[58],"most":[60],"common":[61],"people":[64,117],"70-79":[66],"age":[69],"group.":[70],"Early":[71,232],"symptoms":[72],"diabetic":[74,137,167,222],"found":[77],"to":[78,114,220,239],"be":[79],"blurriness,":[81],"difficulties":[82],"perceiving":[84],"colours":[85],"and":[86,148,187,224,243,316],"dark":[87],"areas":[88],"vision.":[90],"Chronic":[91],"can":[93,237,246],"also":[94,149],"cause":[95],"blindness.As":[96],"this":[97,128,159,204],"disease":[98,129,236,241,249],"shows":[99],"very":[100],"few":[101],"symptoms,":[102],"as":[103],"a":[104,145,213,268],"result":[105],"treatment":[107],"not":[109],"given":[110],"on":[111],"time.":[112],"Due":[113],"which,":[115],"many":[116],"being":[119],"by":[121],"this.":[122],"doctor":[124],"manually":[126,143],"detects":[127],"ophthalmologists.":[132],"process":[134,147],"detecting":[136],"from":[139,229],"retinal":[141,171,230],"images":[142,172],"time-consuming":[146],"diagnosis":[151],"depends":[152],"upon":[153],"expertise":[155],"examiner.In":[158],"study,":[160],"authors":[162,182,211],"collected":[163],"two":[164,262],"datasets":[165],"retinopathy,":[168],"consisting":[169],"categorized":[173],"into":[174],"five":[175],"groups.":[176],"In":[177,206,264,279],"first":[179,266],"dataset,":[180,209,267,282],"computed":[183],"handcrafted":[184],"HOG":[185],"features":[186],"utilized":[188,261],"Support":[190],"Vector":[191],"Machine":[192],"(SVM)":[193],"algorithm":[194,271],"classification.":[196],"They":[197],"achieved":[198],"accuracy":[200,276,313],"71.9%":[202],"using":[203],"approach.":[205],"second":[208,281],"employed":[212],"deep":[214,294,304],"Convolutional":[215],"Neural":[216],"Network":[217],"(CNN)-based":[218],"framework":[219,253],"detect":[221],"determine":[225],"its":[226],"severity":[227],"level":[228],"images.":[231],"detection":[233],"lead":[238],"better":[240],"management,":[242],"medical":[244],"intervention":[245],"slow":[247],"down":[248],"progression.":[250],"proposed":[252],"offers":[254],"easy":[256],"method":[257],"detection.The":[259],"paper":[260],"datasets.":[263],"machine":[269,299],"learning":[270,286,295,300,305],"was":[272,291],"employed,":[273],"achieving":[274],"71.9%.":[278],"three":[283,324],"state-of-the-art":[284],"transfer":[285],"methods":[287],"were":[288],"employed.":[289],"discovered":[292],"models":[296],"outperformed":[297],"model.":[301],"Among":[302],"models,":[306],"InceptionResNetV2":[308],"model":[309,329],"exhibited":[310],"highest":[312,332],"(89.5%),":[314],"recall,":[315],"area":[317],"under":[318],"curve":[320],"(AUC)":[321],"among":[322],"models.":[325],"However,":[326],"ResNet50":[328],"demonstrated":[330],"precision.":[333]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
