{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178293338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","title":"Towards a Multimodal System for Precision Agriculture using IoT and Machine Learning","display_name":"Towards a Multimodal System for Precision Agriculture using IoT and Machine Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178293338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","mag":"3178293338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04895","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015293803","display_name":"Satvik Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2936-9333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153954893","display_name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hshrf16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145325580","display_name":"Deloitte (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xkm6e60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145325580","https://openalex.org/I4210139068"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Satvik Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deloitte Consulting LLP, New York, USA","Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deloitte Consulting LLP, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145325580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082543097","display_name":"Pradyumn Pundir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153954893","display_name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hshrf16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pradyumn Pundir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056952065","display_name":"Himanshu Jindal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-5539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153954893","display_name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hshrf16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Jindal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069998960","display_name":"Hemraj Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-1491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153954893","display_name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hshrf16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemraj Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055765613","display_name":"Somya Garg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145325580","display_name":"Deloitte (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xkm6e60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145325580","https://openalex.org/I4210139068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153954893","display_name":"Jaypee University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hshrf16","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somya Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deloitte Consulting LLP, New York, USA","Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deloitte Consulting LLP, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145325580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153954893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015293803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145325580","https://openalex.org/I153954893"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.221,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68188695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9444000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6780095100402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6441011428833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6414085626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.576905369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.546965479850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5419316291809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.5147707462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-engineering","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","score":0.4990377426147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4834190607070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-boosting","display_name":"Gradient boosting","score":0.47599875926971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.473629891872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.46846243739128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-aggregator","display_name":"Data aggregator","score":0.45943042635917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4580925405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4570766091346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.43573129177093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.375222772359848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3362729549407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19264566898345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15126356482505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14977073669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11051866412162781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6780095100402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6441011428833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6414085626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.576905369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.546965479850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5419316291809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5147707462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4990377426147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4834190607070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70153297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591907","display_name":"Gradient boosting","level":3,"score":0.47599875926971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.473629891872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.46846243739128113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.45943042635917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4580925405025482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4570766091346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.43573129177093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.375222772359848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3362729549407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19264566898345947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15126356482505798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14977073669433594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11051866412162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnt51525.2021.9579646","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 12th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.04895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04895","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3178293338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04895v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.04895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2107.04895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2107.04895","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.04895","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2107.04895","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178293338.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3178293338.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W847090925","https://openalex.org/W861925310","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2275741609","https://openalex.org/W2292335805","https://openalex.org/W2330688492","https://openalex.org/W2351533029","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2737250466","https://openalex.org/W2751773449","https://openalex.org/W2810203457","https://openalex.org/W2887280559","https://openalex.org/W2891765392","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2971480543","https://openalex.org/W2993927576","https://openalex.org/W3005455537","https://openalex.org/W3006645913","https://openalex.org/W3122334664","https://openalex.org/W3201275801","https://openalex.org/W6623737539","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6694763119","https://openalex.org/W6725739302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3176793761","https://openalex.org/W3176551029","https://openalex.org/W2781245467","https://openalex.org/W2893164490","https://openalex.org/W3210403028","https://openalex.org/W3088460898","https://openalex.org/W2604645045","https://openalex.org/W3011014395","https://openalex.org/W2749398458","https://openalex.org/W2725747721","https://openalex.org/W2889085598","https://openalex.org/W2973181736","https://openalex.org/W3046791800","https://openalex.org/W2955447955","https://openalex.org/W2968806450","https://openalex.org/W3111036650","https://openalex.org/W3127886831","https://openalex.org/W3011112200","https://openalex.org/W3091878923","https://openalex.org/W2904188281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precision":[0],"agriculture":[1,81],"system":[2],"is":[3,71,106,113],"an":[4],"arising":[5],"idea":[6],"that":[7,73],"refers":[8],"to":[9,18,53,60,64,177],"overseeing":[10],"farms":[11],"utilizing":[12],"current":[13],"information":[14,38,52],"and":[15,22,99,154,172],"communication":[16],"technologies":[17],"improve":[19],"the":[20,28,35,41,55,85,116,180],"quantity":[21],"quality":[23],"of":[24,37,87,118,128],"yields":[25],"while":[26],"advancing":[27],"human":[29],"work":[30],"required.":[31],"The":[32,108],"automation":[33],"requires":[34],"assortment":[36],"given":[39],"by":[40],"sensors":[42],"such":[43,168],"as":[44,169],"soil,":[45],"water,":[46],"light,":[47],"humidity,":[48],"temperature":[49],"for":[50,79,90,95,102,115,121,130],"additional":[51],"furnish":[54],"operator":[56],"with":[57,184],"exact":[58],"data":[59,91,109],"acquire":[61],"excellent":[62],"yield":[63,132],"farmers.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"work,":[68],"a":[69],"study":[70],"proposed":[72],"incorporates":[74],"all":[75],"common":[76],"state-of-the-art":[77],"approaches":[78],"precision":[80],"use.":[82],"Technologies":[83],"like":[84,140],"Internet":[86],"Things":[88],"(IoT)":[89],"collection,":[92],"machine":[93,147],"Learning":[94],"crop":[96,103,135,181],"damage":[97,136],"prediction,":[98,137],"deep":[100],"learning":[101],"disease":[104],"detection":[105],"used.":[107,160],"collection":[110],"using":[111],"IoT":[112],"responsible":[114],"measure":[117],"moisture":[119],"levels":[120],"smart":[122],"irrigation,":[123],"n,":[124],"p,":[125],"k":[126],"estimations":[127],"fertilizers":[129],"best":[131],"development.":[133],"For":[134],"various":[138],"algorithms":[139],"Random":[141],"Forest":[142],"(RF),":[143],"Light":[144],"gradient":[145],"boosting":[146],"(LGBM),":[148],"XGBoost":[149],"(XGB),":[150],"Decision":[151],"Tree":[152],"(DT)":[153],"K":[155],"Nearest":[156],"Neighbor":[157],"(KNN)":[158],"are":[159,174],"Subsequently,":[161],"Pre-Trained":[162],"Convolutional":[163],"Neural":[164],"Network":[165],"(CNN)":[166],"models":[167],"VGG16,":[170],"Resnet50,":[171],"DenseNet121":[173],"also":[175],"trained":[176],"check":[178],"if":[179],"was":[182],"tainted":[183],"some":[185],"illness":[186],"or":[187],"not.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
