{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401751527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543","title":"FL-EVCS: Federated Learning based Anomaly Detection for EV Charging Ecosystem","display_name":"FL-EVCS: Federated Learning based Anomaly Detection for EV Charging Ecosystem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401751527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 33rd International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010240162","display_name":"Shaurya Purohit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4950-7274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaurya Purohit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011171619","display_name":"Manimaran Govindarasu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-5993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manimaran Govindarasu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,50011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Ames,IA,50011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010240162"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7683,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97471597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6972697973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.505467414855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.45640671253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.431052029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18108874559402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.13758635520935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13371264934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12749755382537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.1085188090801239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6972697973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.505467414855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45640671253204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.431052029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18108874559402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13758635520935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13371264934539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12749755382537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.1085188090801239}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn61486.2024.10637543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 33rd International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766094859","https://openalex.org/W3037724025","https://openalex.org/W3083064204","https://openalex.org/W3096590679","https://openalex.org/W3096762368","https://openalex.org/W3126814579","https://openalex.org/W3157680283","https://openalex.org/W3196498627","https://openalex.org/W3196593819","https://openalex.org/W3202592743","https://openalex.org/W4235519105","https://openalex.org/W4281987354","https://openalex.org/W4284703709","https://openalex.org/W4292002654","https://openalex.org/W4310130661","https://openalex.org/W4387761460","https://openalex.org/W4400585973","https://openalex.org/W6759226220","https://openalex.org/W6780176360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W2972971679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"expansion":[2,232],"of":[3,55,57,69,81,83,131,149,174,233],"electric":[4],"vehicle":[5],"(EV)":[6],"technologies":[7],"and":[8,41,49,74,85,161,177,196,211,227,231],"their":[9],"seamless":[10],"integration":[11],"into":[12],"smart":[13],"grids":[14],"herald":[15],"a":[16,98,118,140,202,216],"significant":[17],"transition":[18],"toward":[19],"sustainable":[20],"energy":[21],"practices,":[22],"highlighting":[23],"the":[24,53,79,86,110,135,147,186,229,234],"need":[25],"to":[26,63,92,181],"bolster":[27],"Electric":[28],"Vehicle":[29],"Charging":[30],"Stations":[31],"(EVCS).":[32],"These":[33],"stations,":[34],"connected":[35],"through":[36],"protocols":[37],"like":[38],"ISO":[39],"15118":[40],"OCPP,":[42],"ensure":[43],"secure":[44,203],"interactions":[45],"between":[46],"EVs,":[47],"EVCS,":[48],"management":[50],"systems.":[51],"However,":[52],"rise":[54],"Internet":[56],"Things":[58],"(IoT)":[59],"connectivity":[60],"exposes":[61],"EVCS":[62,84,114,191,235],"cyber":[64,194],"threats,":[65],"including":[66],"Distributed":[67],"Denial":[68],"Service":[70],"(DDoS),":[71],"Man-in-the-Middle":[72],"(MitM),":[73],"Injection":[75],"attacks,":[76],"which":[77],"threaten":[78],"stability":[80],"thousands":[82],"overall":[87],"charging":[88],"infrastructure.":[89],"In":[90,163],"response":[91],"these":[93],"challenges,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"presents":[97],"Federated":[99],"Learning-based":[100],"Anomaly":[101],"Detection":[102],"System":[103],"(FL-EVCS),":[104],"an":[105,172],"approach":[106,214],"that":[107,152],"significantly":[108],"enhances":[109],"cybersecurity":[111],"framework":[112],"within":[113],"networks.":[115],"By":[116,189],"adopting":[117],"federated":[119],"learning":[120,155],"model,":[121],"FL-EVCS":[122,166,206],"prioritizes":[123],"data":[124,133,224],"privacy":[125,225],"by":[126,170],"exchanging":[127],"model":[128],"parameters":[129],"instead":[130],"raw":[132],"across":[134],"network.":[136],"This":[137,213],"method":[138],"offers":[139,215],"powerful":[141],"collective":[142],"defense":[143],"strategy,":[144],"considerably":[145],"enhancing":[146,190],"capabilities":[148],"traditional":[150,182],"ADS":[151,184],"utilize":[153],"machine":[154],"algorithms":[156],"such":[157],"as":[158],"KNN,":[159],"RF,":[160],"SVM.":[162],"our":[164],"evaluations,":[165],"demonstrated":[167],"good":[168],"performance":[169],"achieving":[171],"accuracy":[173,210],"around":[175],"97%":[176],"superior":[178],"F1-scores,":[179],"compared":[180],"ML-based":[183],"using":[185],"CICEVSE2024":[187],"dataset.":[188],"security":[192],"against":[193],"threats":[195],"supporting":[197],"EV":[198],"market":[199],"growth":[200],"with":[201],"user-friendly":[204],"infrastructure,":[205],"markedly":[207],"increases":[208],"detection":[209],"efficiency.":[212],"well-balanced":[217],"solution":[218],"for":[219],"anomaly":[220],"detection,":[221],"meeting":[222],"stringent":[223],"requirements":[226],"promoting":[228],"resilience":[230],"ecosystem.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
