{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3163175582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","title":"Improvement of Bi-directional Communications using Solar Powered Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","display_name":"Improvement of Bi-directional Communications using Solar Powered Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3163175582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","mag":"3163175582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15269","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020717946","display_name":"Abdullah M. Almasoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-970X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Almasoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University,College of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,Al-Kharj,Saudi Arabia,16273"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University,College of Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering,Al-Kharj,Saudi Arabia,16273","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024301241","display_name":"Mohamed Y. Selim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6695-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Y. Selim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States","Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alsharoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology","missouri university of science and technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"missouri university of science and technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069714415","display_name":"Ahmed E. Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6631-3478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed E. Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States","Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States;"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020717946"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04287451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6349808573722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5747994184494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.542503297328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5322791337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.48828887939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4743199050426483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.457576721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4520258605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45180264115333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4368698000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.43576857447624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3783738613128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2600401043891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22262221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1981087327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.16197681427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13185063004493713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6349808573722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5747994184494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.542503297328949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5322791337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48828887939453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4743199050426483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.457576721906662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4520258605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45180264115333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4368698000907898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.43576857447624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3783738613128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2600401043891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22262221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1981087327003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.16197681427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13185063004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icccn52240.2021.9522321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.15269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.15269","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lib.dr.iastate.edu:ece_conf-1183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ece_conf/184","pdf_url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ece_conf/184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196104","display_name":"Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","host_organization_name":"Iowa State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Conference Papers, Posters and Presentations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3163175582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.15269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2106.15269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2106.15269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.15269","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.15269","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3163175582.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992942660","https://openalex.org/W2054189168","https://openalex.org/W2529517384","https://openalex.org/W2803517513","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2990335227","https://openalex.org/W2994869102","https://openalex.org/W2999201871","https://openalex.org/W3000577820","https://openalex.org/W3003290868","https://openalex.org/W3033425325","https://openalex.org/W3035543088","https://openalex.org/W3036886449","https://openalex.org/W3037854193","https://openalex.org/W3038089273","https://openalex.org/W3038434984","https://openalex.org/W3041878473","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3045387830","https://openalex.org/W3047281806","https://openalex.org/W3080085895","https://openalex.org/W3098915991","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3127184233","https://openalex.org/W3132919426","https://openalex.org/W3133370088","https://openalex.org/W3159178565","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W6772546502","https://openalex.org/W6772709092","https://openalex.org/W6779733641","https://openalex.org/W6779828442","https://openalex.org/W6780537810","https://openalex.org/W6790844219","https://openalex.org/W6794838152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123504286","https://openalex.org/W3019679152","https://openalex.org/W2934907055","https://openalex.org/W3033111759","https://openalex.org/W2888099626","https://openalex.org/W3093497529","https://openalex.org/W2860943257","https://openalex.org/W2170553067","https://openalex.org/W3002965524","https://openalex.org/W2988883807","https://openalex.org/W3181821405","https://openalex.org/W2857664280","https://openalex.org/W3085945641","https://openalex.org/W3180311704","https://openalex.org/W2354935529","https://openalex.org/W2591624105","https://openalex.org/W2958628534","https://openalex.org/W3169618529","https://openalex.org/W3205901529","https://openalex.org/W2877410646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,50,58,80,125,157,172],"flurry":[5],"of":[6,11,31,49,89,95,105,128,131,145,194,199],"research":[7],"on":[8,46],"the":[9,29,41,47,69,86,93,103,111,129,132,136,142,153,161,168,177,189,196],"use":[10,30],"Reconfigurable":[12],"Intelligent":[13],"Surfaces":[14],"(RIS)":[15],"in":[16,110],"wireless":[17],"networks":[18],"to":[19,35,54,57,64,67,83,101,122,140,176],"create":[20],"dynamic":[21],"radio":[22],"environments.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,52,78],"investigate":[28],"an":[32],"RIS":[33,42,70,137],"panel":[34,60,138],"improve":[36],"bi-directional":[37],"communications.":[38],"Assuming":[39],"that":[40,61,97,188],"will":[43,98],"be":[44,65,99],"located":[45],"facade":[48],"building,":[51],"propose":[53],"connect":[55],"it":[56],"solar":[59],"harvests":[62],"energy":[63,130],"used":[66,100,148],"power":[68,88],"panel\u2019s":[71],"smart":[72],"controller":[73],"and":[74,92,135,139],"reflecting":[75,146],"elements.":[76],"Therefore,":[77],"present":[79],"novel":[81],"framework":[82],"optimally":[84],"decide":[85],"transmit":[87],"each":[90,150,200],"user":[91,201],"number":[94,144],"elements":[96,147],"reflect":[102],"signal":[104],"any":[106],"two":[107],"communicating":[108,133],"pair":[109,134],"system":[112],"(user-user":[113],"or":[114],"base":[115],"station-user).":[116],"An":[117],"optimization":[118],"problem":[119,155],"is":[120,156,164,180,192,206],"formulated":[121,154],"jointly":[123],"minimize":[124],"scalarized":[126],"function":[127],"find":[141],"optimal":[143,162,178],"by":[149,166],"user.":[151],"Although":[152],"mixed-integer":[158],"nonlinear":[159],"problem,":[160],"solution":[163,179],"found":[165,181],"linearizing":[167],"non-linear":[169],"constraints.":[170],"Besides,":[171],"more":[173],"efficient":[174],"close":[175],"using":[182],"Bender":[183],"decomposition.":[184],"Simulation":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"proposed":[190],"model":[191],"capable":[193],"delivering":[195],"minimum":[197],"rate":[198],"even":[202],"if":[203],"line-of-sight":[204],"communication":[205],"not":[207],"achievable.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}