{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386450102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671","title":"An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Indoor Positioning Method Based on the Weighted Adaptive KNN Algorithm","display_name":"An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Indoor Positioning Method Based on the Weighted Adaptive KNN Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386450102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346161","display_name":"Jin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-5242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021454941","display_name":"Feiyue Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyue Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061157056","display_name":"Pengwu Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-4291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengwu Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722215","display_name":"Maolin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-4562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maolin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang,China,621999"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang,China,621999","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085386121","display_name":"Fan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8968-5178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications,School of Communications and Information Engineering & School of Artificial Intelligence,Xi’an,China,710121","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100346161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72050879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.825463056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6055630445480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5829634070396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5709689855575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-optimum","display_name":"Local optimum","score":0.5702004432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5263251662254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.4691675305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","score":0.4644045829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.4376371502876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jump","display_name":"Jump","score":0.43759652972221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24988871812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19535109400749207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.825463056564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6055630445480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5829634070396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5709689855575562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141934464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3305386","display_name":"Local optimum","level":2,"score":0.5702004432678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5263251662254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4691675305366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.4644045829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.4376371502876282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4005959","display_name":"Jump","level":2,"score":0.43759652972221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24988871812820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19535109400749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233671","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537256423","https://openalex.org/W2230319370","https://openalex.org/W2333248310","https://openalex.org/W2755879967","https://openalex.org/W2807922654","https://openalex.org/W3127025592","https://openalex.org/W4205129187","https://openalex.org/W4213431617","https://openalex.org/W4214839842","https://openalex.org/W4292862777","https://openalex.org/W4382519748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006324351","https://openalex.org/W2965421953","https://openalex.org/W2349895019","https://openalex.org/W2116074880","https://openalex.org/W2950423922","https://openalex.org/W2121780490","https://openalex.org/W2137136732","https://openalex.org/W2132113279","https://openalex.org/W2368795850","https://openalex.org/W2113224065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"particle":[1,26,57,106],"swarm":[2,58,107],"optimization":[3,108],"algorithm":[4,70,81,110,159,169],"is":[5,160],"used":[6],"extensively":[7],"for":[8,82,111],"global":[9,38],"search":[10,19],"in":[11],"indoor":[12,48,59],"positioning.":[13,49],"However,":[14],"owing":[15],"to":[16,35,71,92,126],"the":[17,25,37,45,64,79,94,99,104,115,136,144,153,165],"large":[18],"area":[20,97],"and":[21,85,132,167],"insufficient":[22],"accuracy":[23,46],"of":[24,47,98,135,146,156,164],"search,":[27],"it":[28],"may":[29],"converge":[30],"too":[31],"early":[32],"or":[33],"fail":[34],"find":[36],"optimal":[39,139],"solution,":[40],"which":[41],"can":[42],"negatively":[43],"impact":[44],"In":[50],"this":[51,73],"study,":[52],"we":[53,102,118],"propose":[54],"an":[55],"improved":[56,105],"localization":[60],"method":[61,76],"based":[62,170],"on":[63,171],"weighted":[65],"adaptive":[66],"K-nearest":[67],"neighbor":[68],"(WAKNN)":[69],"address":[72],"issue.":[74],"Our":[75],"first":[77],"employs":[78],"WAKNN":[80,166],"fingerprint":[83],"matching":[84],"then":[86],"selects":[87],"suitable":[88],"reference":[89],"points":[90],"(RPs)":[91],"limit":[93],"actual":[95],"presence":[96],"user.":[100],"Subsequently,":[101],"use":[103],"(PSO)":[109],"localization.":[112],"To":[113],"enhance":[114],"PSO":[116,168],"algorithm,":[117],"introduce":[119],"a":[120,129],"mutation":[121],"operator":[122],"that":[123,152,163],"enables":[124],"particles":[125],"reinitialize":[127],"with":[128],"certain":[130],"probability":[131],"jump":[133],"out":[134],"previously":[137],"searched":[138],"value":[140],"position,":[141],"thereby":[142],"avoiding":[143],"trap":[145],"local":[147],"optima.":[148],"Experimental":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"positioning":[154],"error":[155],"our":[157],"proposed":[158],"smaller":[161],"than":[162],"maximum":[172],"likelihood":[173],"estimation.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}