{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386450146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366","title":"A Joint Scheme on Spectrum Sensing and Access with Partial Observation: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"A Joint Scheme on Spectrum Sensing and Access with Partial Observation: A Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386450146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635546","display_name":"Yulong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7445-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Dalian,China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054407228","display_name":"Xuanheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-6932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Dalian,China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,School of Information and Communication Engineering,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005619815","display_name":"Haichuan Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-4461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichuan Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science and Technology,Beijing,China","School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Cyberspace Science and Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016290340","display_name":"Yuguang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-3871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuguang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of Hong Kong,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong,China","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of Hong Kong,Department of Computer Science,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85156699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8637890815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7973214387893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5646708011627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.5488132834434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5308070182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4739629924297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4681827127933502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4536159038543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43272578716278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.338134765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31999191641807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2596844434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.21536946296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21360504627227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.18269950151443481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8637890815734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7973214387893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5646708011627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.5488132834434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5308070182800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4739629924297333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4681827127933502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4536159038543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43272578716278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.338134765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31999191641807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2596844434738159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.21536946296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21360504627227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.18269950151443481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc57788.2023.10233366","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118726574","https://openalex.org/W2343899768","https://openalex.org/W2522880740","https://openalex.org/W2592583014","https://openalex.org/W2616867685","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2766825255","https://openalex.org/W2894110571","https://openalex.org/W2968498528","https://openalex.org/W2979392410","https://openalex.org/W2979506351","https://openalex.org/W2983432303","https://openalex.org/W3013353193","https://openalex.org/W3036919495","https://openalex.org/W3038869369","https://openalex.org/W3060461464","https://openalex.org/W3096610621","https://openalex.org/W3100844423","https://openalex.org/W3125424609","https://openalex.org/W3209085018","https://openalex.org/W4285136203","https://openalex.org/W4386065259","https://openalex.org/W6856343497"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3074294383","https://openalex.org/W4206669594","https://openalex.org/W2959276766","https://openalex.org/W4295941380","https://openalex.org/W260766989","https://openalex.org/W3139193008","https://openalex.org/W3200850982","https://openalex.org/W2980552334","https://openalex.org/W3045786475","https://openalex.org/W2067757024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dynamic":[0],"spectrum":[1,15,47,106,126,143],"access":[2,31,90,109],"(DSA)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"regarded":[6],"as":[7,57],"a":[8,50,100,140,187],"promising":[9],"solution":[10],"to":[11,29,42,61,66,82,94,150,193,197],"mitigate":[12],"the":[13,19,32,43,63,72,85,89,96,120,125,130,155,164,169,173,178,181,199],"serious":[14],"shortage":[16],"problem":[17],"in":[18,22],"6G":[20],"networks,":[21],"which":[23],"secondary":[24],"users":[25,37],"(SUs)":[26],"are":[27,39,80],"allowed":[28],"opportunistically":[30],"licensed":[33],"bands":[34,65,79],"when":[35],"primary":[36],"(PUs)":[38],"inactive.":[40],"Due":[41],"hardware":[44],"limitation,":[45],"partial":[46,142],"sensing":[48,52,107,144],"with":[49],"suitable":[51],"window":[53],"(SW)":[54],"is":[55,69,110,114],"considered":[56],"an":[58,116],"effective":[59],"way":[60],"find":[62],"idle":[64],"access.":[67],"It":[68],"noteworthy":[70],"that":[71,161],"SW":[73,97,157,201],"selection":[74],"could":[75,91],"determine":[76],"how":[77],"many":[78],"available":[81],"access,":[83],"and":[84,108,122,128,145,158,175,202,206],"network":[86,165],"performance":[87],"after":[88],"be":[92],"used":[93],"guide":[95],"selection.":[98],"Thus,":[99],"sophisticated":[101],"joint":[102,141],"design":[103],"on":[104],"both":[105],"necessary,":[111],"which,":[112],"however,":[113],"not":[115],"easy":[117],"task":[118],"considering":[119,180],"uncertainty":[121],"dynamics":[123],"of":[124,177],"environment,":[127,179],"also":[129],"mutual":[131,182],"impacts":[132],"among":[133],"SUs.":[134],"In":[135],"this":[136],"paper,":[137],"we":[138,185],"propose":[139],"power":[146],"allocation":[147],"(PA)":[148],"scheme":[149],"help":[151],"each":[152,195],"SU":[153,196],"make":[154],"best":[156,170,200],"PA":[159,203],"decisions":[160,204],"can":[162],"optimize":[163],"throughput.":[166],"To":[167],"achieve":[168],"decision":[171],"under":[172],"dynamic":[174],"uncertain":[176],"interference":[183],"issue,":[184],"develop":[186],"multi-agent":[188],"deep":[189],"reinforcement":[190],"learning":[191],"approach":[192],"enable":[194],"obtain":[198],"autonomously":[205],"adaptively.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}