{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416923852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165","title":"CADA: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Association for Multi-Object Tracking in Complex Environments","display_name":"CADA: Confidence-Aware Dynamic Association for Multi-Object Tracking in Complex Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416923852","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743778","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3964-479X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071475577","display_name":"Yun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-7627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817487","display_name":"Shuang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-6115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718892","display_name":"Wanying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-1022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927508","display_name":"Li Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8536-6986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University,Xi&#x0027;an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43763071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.42660000920295715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7567999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.607200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5892000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173414695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510276","display_name":"Fusion mechanism","level":4,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2243008263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025CY-YBXM-074","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4557213057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GK202406006,XJSJ25002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2243336206","https://openalex.org/W2511791013","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2963272312","https://openalex.org/W3012271043","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3094000868","https://openalex.org/W3118212025","https://openalex.org/W3207452968","https://openalex.org/W4295093447","https://openalex.org/W4399245323","https://openalex.org/W4400667732","https://openalex.org/W4400732318","https://openalex.org/W4403094405"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"online":[1],"visual":[2],"Multi-Object":[3],"Tracking":[4],"(MOT)":[5],"in":[6,140],"complex":[7],"scenes":[8],"requires":[9],"the":[10,57,77,108,114,127],"effective":[11],"fusion":[12,23,72],"of":[13,66,116],"different":[14],"features.":[15],"However,":[16],"existing":[17],"methods":[18],"often":[19],"employ":[20],"static":[21],"feature":[22],"strategies,":[24],"which":[25],"adapt":[26],"to":[27,39,99],"dynamic":[28,71],"challenges":[29],"with":[30],"difficulty":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33],"occlusions":[34],"or":[35],"erratic":[36],"movements,":[37],"leading":[38],"frequent":[40],"identity":[41,133,141],"switches.":[42,142],"To":[43],"address":[44],"this":[45],"limitation,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"a":[49,70,122,137],"novel":[50],"Confidence-Aware":[51],"Dynamic":[52],"Association":[53],"strategy":[54],"built":[55],"upon":[56],"Generalized":[58],"Labeled":[59],"Multi-Bernoulli":[60],"(GLMB)":[61],"filtering":[62],"framework.":[63],"The":[64],"core":[65],"our":[67,117],"approach":[68],"is":[69],"module":[73],"that":[74],"adaptively":[75],"adjusts":[76],"weights":[78],"between":[79],"motion,":[80],"appearance":[81],"and":[82,89,110,136],"spatial":[83],"costs":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86,107],"tracking":[87],"confidence":[88],"motion":[90],"predictability.":[91],"We":[92],"further":[93],"introduce":[94],"an":[95],"Enhanced":[96],"Re-activation":[97],"Mechanism":[98],"reliably":[100],"recover":[101],"targets":[102],"after":[103],"prolonged":[104],"occlusions.":[105],"Evaluations":[106],"MOT16":[109],"MOT20":[111],"datasets":[112],"validate":[113],"effectiveness":[115],"approach.":[118],"Our":[119],"tracker":[120],"achieves":[121],"significant":[123],"performance":[124],"boost":[125],"over":[126],"baseline":[128],"GLMB":[129],"method,":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"superior":[132],"preservation":[134],"capabilities":[135],"marked":[138],"reduction":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}
