{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416923100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123","title":"Real-Time Intrusion Detection of Ghost Attacks in Distributed Multi-Object Tracking Without Offline Pre-Training","display_name":"Real-Time Intrusion Detection of Ghost Attacks in Distributed Multi-Object Tracking Without Offline Pre-Training","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416923100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101773489","display_name":"Vahid Ghorbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-7796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Ghorbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064997605","display_name":"Amirali Khodadadian Gostar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirali Khodadadian Gostar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102474783","display_name":"Amir Ghorbani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Ghorbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne,Department of Infrastructure Engineering,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne,Department of Infrastructure Engineering,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054836950","display_name":"Zahir Tari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-9673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahir Tari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046816778","display_name":"Aidan Blair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidan Blair","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050176259","display_name":"Reza Hoseinnezhad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-1467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Hoseinnezhad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University,Melbourne,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44198054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"188","last_page":"193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.16670000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.16670000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.1396999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.11810000240802765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.41429999470710754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5735999941825867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.41749998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.3971000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.33709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262123","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8466503144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRSAGP-RD1-A50","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","funder_display_name":"Australian Government"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909771825","https://openalex.org/W1973184571","https://openalex.org/W1983137206","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2105905583","https://openalex.org/W2154353836","https://openalex.org/W2155680787","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2744999242","https://openalex.org/W2790357642","https://openalex.org/W2952426060","https://openalex.org/W2964318445","https://openalex.org/W2979653692","https://openalex.org/W3158378210","https://openalex.org/W3198743941","https://openalex.org/W4385686628","https://openalex.org/W4387653388","https://openalex.org/W4392901981","https://openalex.org/W4403094405","https://openalex.org/W4407178529","https://openalex.org/W4409150885"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leveraging":[0],"the":[1,42,55,71,79,125],"recently":[2],"proposed":[3],"Average":[4],"Likelihood":[5],"for":[6,117],"Attack":[7],"Resilient":[8],"Multi-object":[9],"(ALARM)":[10],"filtering":[11],"method,":[12],"this":[13,36],"study":[14],"develops":[15],"an":[16,67],"intrusion":[17],"detection":[18],"scheme":[19],"to":[20],"counter":[21],"stealthy,":[22],"measurement-oriented":[23],"adversarial":[24,121],"interventions":[25],"known":[26],"as":[27],"ghost":[28,73,84],"attacks":[29],"in":[30,50,54,130],"distributed":[31,132],"multi-object":[32,48,60],"tracking":[33,134],"systems.":[34],"In":[35],"scheme,":[37],"each":[38],"node":[39],"executes":[40],"both":[41,118],"ALARM":[43],"filter":[44,49,81],"and":[45,107,123],"a":[46,52,63,114,131],"conventional":[47],"parallel;":[51],"mismatch":[53],"cardinalities":[56],"of":[57,95,109,127],"their":[58],"respective":[59],"densities":[61],"signals":[62],"potential":[64],"attack.":[65],"Once":[66],"anomaly":[68],"is":[69,75],"detected,":[70],"estimated":[72],"cardinality":[74],"obtained":[76],"by":[77],"comparing":[78],"two":[80],"outputs.":[82],"Estimated":[83],"counts":[85],"are":[86],"then":[87],"evaluated":[88],"against":[89],"groundtruth":[90],"using":[91],"the$\\ell_{2}$error":[92],"(Euclidean":[93],"norm":[94],"residuals),":[96],"mean":[97,101,104],"squared":[98,102],"error,":[99,103,106],"root":[100],"absolute":[105],"coefficient":[108],"determination$\\left(R^{2}\\right)$.":[110],"This":[111],"approach":[112],"provides":[113],"unified":[115],"framework":[116],"detecting":[119],"stealthy":[120],"activity":[122],"estimating":[124],"number":[126],"false":[128],"targets":[129],"multiobject":[133],"environment.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}