{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416923856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088","title":"A Two-Stage Deep Learning Network for Super-Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation","display_name":"A Two-Stage Deep Learning Network for Super-Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416923856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371547","display_name":"Xiaolong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5712-8772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029452184","display_name":"Qinyao Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinyao Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001104033","display_name":"Zhen Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4119-8108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107880588","display_name":"Wu-Jun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wujun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339151","display_name":"Wei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45911423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"232","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.8827000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.8827000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.0340999998152256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39579999446868896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.714900016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.513700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5088000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020199158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"High resolution","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais67508.2025.11262088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006579621","https://openalex.org/W2112855412","https://openalex.org/W2115706991","https://openalex.org/W2123930706","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2132679193","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2996722594","https://openalex.org/W2998785217","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3104690928","https://openalex.org/W3125678055","https://openalex.org/W3133902371","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4392025849","https://openalex.org/W4401536853","https://openalex.org/W4408941310"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"high":[1,34,148],"angular":[2,42,129],"resolution":[3,26],"is":[4,44],"essential":[5],"in":[6,47],"modern":[7],"radar":[8],"systems":[9],"to":[10,64],"distinguish":[11],"closely":[12],"spaced":[13],"targets.":[14],"Superresolution":[15],"direction-of-arrival":[16],"(DOA)":[17],"estimation":[18,105,114,149],"addresses":[19],"this":[20,62,83],"need":[21],"by":[22,70,116],"overcoming":[23],"the":[24,41,103,127,131,136],"Rayleigh":[25],"limit.":[27],"Traditional":[28],"sparse":[29],"reconstruction":[30,49],"methods":[31],"suffer":[32],"from":[33],"mutual":[35],"coherence":[36],"among":[37],"dictionary":[38],"columns":[39],"when":[40],"grid":[43],"densified,":[45],"resulting":[46],"degraded":[48],"accuracy.":[50],"Although":[51],"unrolled":[52],"architectures":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"learned":[56],"iterative":[57],"shrinkage-thresholding":[58],"algorithm":[59],"(LISTA)":[60],"mitigate":[61],"issue":[63],"some":[65],"extent,":[66],"they":[67],"remain":[68],"burdened":[69],"a":[71,86,111,117,123],"large":[72],"number":[73,137],"of":[74,138],"parameters":[75],"and":[76,95,156],"slow":[77],"inference.":[78],"To":[79],"address":[80],"these":[81],"issues,":[82],"paper":[84],"proposes":[85],"two-stage":[87],"network":[88,101,133],"named":[89],"TS-LM":[90,144],"Net,":[91],"which":[92],"integrates":[93],"LISTA":[94],"multilayer":[96],"perceptron":[97],"(MLP).":[98],"The":[99],"proposed":[100,132],"decomposes":[102],"DOA":[104],"task":[106],"into":[107],"two":[108],"sequential":[109],"stages:":[110],"coarse":[112],"integerlevel":[113],"followed":[115],"fine":[118],"fractional-level":[119],"refinement.":[120],"By":[121],"avoiding":[122],"single-stage":[124],"mapping":[125],"over":[126],"full":[128],"grid,":[130],"significantly":[134],"reduces":[135],"parameters.":[139],"Simulation":[140],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that":[143],"Net":[145],"achieves":[146],"comparable":[147],"accuracy":[150],"while":[151],"realizing":[152],"lower":[153],"parameter":[154],"complexity":[155],"faster":[157],"runtime":[158],"performance.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-02T00:00:00"}