{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200340696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558","title":"Distributed Multitarget Tracking via Heterogeneous Fusion with 3D Radars and Infrared Sensors","display_name":"Distributed Multitarget Tracking via Heterogeneous Fusion with 3D Radars and Infrared Sensors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200340696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608071","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397208","display_name":"Wenxin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-6361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["UESTC, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UESTC, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032855635","display_name":"Bailu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0101-934X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017641817","display_name":"Suqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2584-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339151","display_name":"Wei Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UESTC, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UESTC, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013565641","display_name":"Mahendra Mallick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4836-4431"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendra Mallick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Consultant, Anacortes, WA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Consultant, Anacortes, WA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100397208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66638624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":null,"first_page":"842","last_page":"848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9664000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-coordinate-system","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","score":0.7329756021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-vector","display_name":"State vector","score":0.7100908756256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.645893931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5795414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.555996298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-system","display_name":"Coordinate system","score":0.5536612868309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.5302467346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5105355978012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5067971348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-intersection","display_name":"Covariance intersection","score":0.5061702132225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.49454161524772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4726506769657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4191403388977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4000347852706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38745832443237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29867273569107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.2610626220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20623770356178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11341801285743713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.7329756021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777798563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603916","display_name":"State vector","level":2,"score":0.7100908756256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.645893931388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5795414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.555996298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80551277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11210","display_name":"Coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.5536612868309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.5302467346191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5105355978012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5067971348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178898","display_name":"Covariance intersection","level":4,"score":0.5061702132225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.49454161524772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4726506769657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4191403388977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4000347852706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38745832443237305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29867273569107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.2610626220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20623770356178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11341801285743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608071","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2165844920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021CDJJMRH-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6534452397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557595030","https://openalex.org/W1609548510","https://openalex.org/W1974599169","https://openalex.org/W1988366268","https://openalex.org/W1989568411","https://openalex.org/W2011087880","https://openalex.org/W2046048516","https://openalex.org/W2054091988","https://openalex.org/W2103832158","https://openalex.org/W2113024825","https://openalex.org/W2121990344","https://openalex.org/W2148451326","https://openalex.org/W2217159342","https://openalex.org/W2238582461","https://openalex.org/W2545563415","https://openalex.org/W2901168609","https://openalex.org/W2915020586","https://openalex.org/W3145018900","https://openalex.org/W3171954881","https://openalex.org/W3217006579","https://openalex.org/W4250908692","https://openalex.org/W6602462348","https://openalex.org/W6633511732","https://openalex.org/W6636519687","https://openalex.org/W6684933384","https://openalex.org/W6688608889","https://openalex.org/W6804679018"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000097931","https://openalex.org/W4313306951","https://openalex.org/W4293057390","https://openalex.org/W178703191","https://openalex.org/W2047234327","https://openalex.org/W3104033897","https://openalex.org/W3124883642","https://openalex.org/W1582120664","https://openalex.org/W2375961464","https://openalex.org/W1892648421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"distributed":[3,163],"multitarget":[4,108],"tracking":[5,103,109],"over":[6],"a":[7,14,127,137],"network":[8],"of":[9,54,116,134,153,160],"heterogeneous":[10,16,164],"sensors.":[11,26,121],"We":[12],"consider":[13],"3D":[15,36],"track-to-track":[17,128],"fusion":[18],"(T2TF)":[19],"problem":[20,115,140],"using":[21],"radars":[22],"and":[23,38,75,93],"infrared":[24],"(IR)":[25],"The":[27,40],"radar":[28],"trackers":[29,42],"use":[30,43,53],"the":[31,49,72,94,100,105,114,132,142,149,158,161],"Cartesian":[32,64,87],"state":[33,50,59,70,73],"vector":[34],"with":[35,63,113],"position":[37],"velocity.":[39],"IR":[41],"modified":[44],"spherical":[45],"coordinate":[46],"(MSC)":[47],"for":[48,107],"vector,":[51],"since":[52],"MSC":[55,79],"leads":[56],"to":[57,68,83],"improved":[58],"estimation":[60],"accuracy":[61,159],"compared":[62],"coordinate.":[65],"In":[66],"order":[67],"fuse":[69],"estimates,":[71],"estimates":[74],"associated":[76],"covariances":[77],"in":[78,86],"are":[80],"first":[81],"converted":[82],"corresponding":[84],"quantities":[85],"coordinates":[88],"via":[89],"one-to-one":[90],"mapping":[91],"function":[92],"unscented":[95],"transformation":[96],"(UT).":[97],"Different":[98],"from":[99,119],"single":[101],"target":[102],"scenario,":[104],"T2TF":[106],"scenario":[110],"is":[111,136],"faced":[112],"associating":[117],"tracks":[118],"different":[120],"To":[122],"this":[123],"end,":[124],"we":[125],"propose":[126],"association":[129],"method,":[130],"at":[131],"core":[133],"which":[135],"2D":[138],"assignment":[139],"taking":[141],"generalized":[143],"covariance":[144],"intersection":[145],"(GCI)":[146],"divergence":[147],"as":[148],"cost":[150],"function.":[151],"Results":[152],"Monte":[154],"Carlo":[155],"simulations":[156],"highlight":[157],"proposed":[162],"T2TF.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
