{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200621921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524","title":"Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring based Demand Prediction for Smart Meter Attack Detection","display_name":"Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring based Demand Prediction for Smart Meter Attack Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200621921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608071","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026896358","display_name":"Nahal Iliaee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nahal Iliaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100682515","display_name":"Shichao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3163-161X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026896358"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88396049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"370","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.8064196109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6546541452407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6484817862510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6220596432685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5046616792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4981720447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4742138385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.46160948276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-profile","display_name":"Load profile","score":0.4597698450088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-meter","display_name":"Electricity meter","score":0.4137764573097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3431532084941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32090693712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31392523646354675}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.8064196109771729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6546541452407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6484817862510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6220596432685852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5046616792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4981720447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4742138385772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46160948276519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806775","display_name":"Load profile","level":3,"score":0.4597698450088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67172668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622756","display_name":"Electricity meter","level":3,"score":0.4137764573097229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3431532084941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32090693712234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31392523646354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais52680.2021.9624524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608071","display_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994042232","https://openalex.org/W2013000896","https://openalex.org/W2014381275","https://openalex.org/W2032161710","https://openalex.org/W2045247177","https://openalex.org/W2050313897","https://openalex.org/W2055037596","https://openalex.org/W2110371102","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2135483834","https://openalex.org/W2159757630","https://openalex.org/W2212529815","https://openalex.org/W2288275772","https://openalex.org/W2512333035","https://openalex.org/W2559280146","https://openalex.org/W2589575667","https://openalex.org/W2786918196","https://openalex.org/W3086548395","https://openalex.org/W3102477513","https://openalex.org/W4236993164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W3090249087"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"global":[1],"implementation":[2],"of":[3,18,34,37,72,131,140],"smart":[4,38,66,168],"meters":[5,39],"that":[6,53,155],"measure":[7],"and":[8,29,42,85,123],"communicate":[9],"residential":[10,167],"electricity":[11],"consumption":[12],"has":[13,153],"resulted":[14],"in":[15],"the":[16,35,59,90,98,104,132,141,145,156],"creation":[17],"new":[19],"energy":[20,26,55,83],"efficiency":[21],"services":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24,111],"automated":[25],"management":[27],"systems":[28],"billing":[30],"systems.":[31],"In":[32,89],"view":[33],"vulnerability":[36],"to":[40,57,95,128],"cyber":[41],"physical":[43],"attacks,":[44],"this":[45],"research":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,86,160],"short-term":[49],"load":[50,87,133],"prediction":[51],"method":[52,69,158],"uses":[54],"disaggregation,":[56],"detect":[58],"False":[60],"Data":[61],"Injection":[62],"(FDI)":[63],"attack":[64],"on":[65,144,166],"meters.":[67,169],"This":[68],"is":[70,159],"constructed":[71],"an":[73,112],"edge":[74],"detection":[75],"based":[76,143],"Non-Intrusive":[77],"Load":[78],"Monitoring":[79],"(NILM)":[80],"module":[81],"for":[82,114,135,163],"disaggregation":[84],"forecaster.":[88],"first":[91],"step,":[92],"we":[93],"attempt":[94],"determine":[96],"when":[97],"appliances":[99],"are":[100],"switching":[101,106],"on/off.":[102],"Second,":[103],"acquired":[105],"events":[107],"would":[108],"be":[109],"utilized":[110],"input":[113],"machine":[115],"learning":[116],"algorithms":[117],"including":[118],"Support":[119],"Vector":[120],"Regression":[121],"(SVR)":[122],"Elman":[124],"Neural":[125],"Network":[126],"(ENN)":[127],"improve":[129],"performance":[130],"forecaster":[134],"detecting":[136,164],"FDI":[137],"attacks.":[138],"Validation":[139],"results":[142],"data":[146],"collected":[147],"from":[148],"twenty":[149],"actual":[150],"UK":[151],"houses":[152],"indicated":[154],"recommended":[157],"great":[161],"solution":[162],"cyberattacks":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}