{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410229023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589","title":"A Study of Machine Learning Model's Performance for Load Forecasting Based on XAI Techniques","display_name":"A Study of Machine Learning Model's Performance for Load Forecasting Based on XAI Techniques","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410229023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 17th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026297190","display_name":"Christopher Dean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-7296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher M. Dean","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507447","display_name":"Xuewei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-8293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuzhe Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney,Faculty of Engineering,Sydney,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney,Faculty of Engineering,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085416386","display_name":"Tong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Sydney,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111513990","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6704-0479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales,Faculty of engineering,Sydney,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,Faculty of engineering,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736987","display_name":"Yujia Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-7131"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yu Lu Textile Co., Ltd.,Henan,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yu Lu Textile Co., Ltd.,Henan,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061835916","display_name":"Huadong Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7782-2884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems &#x0026; Computing, University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems &#x0026; Computing, University of New South Wales,Canberra,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92392337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.8238000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.8238000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13832","display_name":"Advanced Decision-Making Techniques","score":0.6955000162124634,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6844191551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4884876012802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43906304240226746}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6844191551208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4884876012802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43906304240226746}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccae64891.2025.10980589","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 17th International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093938910","https://openalex.org/W2113791790","https://openalex.org/W2754252319","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W3129054759","https://openalex.org/W3182706339","https://openalex.org/W3212172539","https://openalex.org/W4226020959","https://openalex.org/W4306876858","https://openalex.org/W4312686336","https://openalex.org/W4384787520","https://openalex.org/W4388333441","https://openalex.org/W4400033614","https://openalex.org/W4400527354","https://openalex.org/W4401314640","https://openalex.org/W4402862885","https://openalex.org/W4404198023","https://openalex.org/W4404395562","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6790690058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"load":[1,41,151],"forecasting":[2,42],"is":[3],"crucial":[4],"for":[5],"efficient":[6],"management,":[7,166],"planning,":[8],"and":[9,27,48,63,66,75,88,116,131,161,170],"operation":[10],"of":[11,19,35,86,96,135,150,174],"modern":[12],"power":[13,179],"systems,":[14],"especially":[15],"in":[16,51,140,157],"an":[17,84],"era":[18],"increasing":[20],"electrical":[21],"demand":[22,104],"driven":[23],"by":[24,44,128],"technological":[25],"advancements":[26],"environmental":[28],"changes.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"explores":[32],"the":[33,59,61,64,121,148,172],"development":[34],"hybrid":[36,55,70,144],"Transformer-based":[37],"models":[38,56,71,78,145],"to":[39,101],"improve":[40],"accuracy":[43],"capturing":[45],"shortterm":[46],"fluctuations":[47],"long-term":[49],"dependencies":[50],"energy":[52,103,165,176],"demand.":[53],"Three":[54],"were":[57],"developed,":[58],"RNR-Transformer,":[60],"GRU-Transformer,":[62],"LSTM-Transformer,":[65],"compared":[67],"with":[68,83,105],"traditional":[69],"such":[72],"as":[73,120,143],"LSTM-GRU":[74],"GRURNN.":[76],"Transformer":[77],"outperformed":[79],"standard":[80],"RNN-based":[81],"architectures,":[82],"MSE":[85],"0.0066":[87],"a":[89],"Symmetric":[90],"Mean":[91],"Absolute":[92],"Percentage":[93],"Error":[94],"(sMAPE)":[95],"15.09%,":[97],"highlighting":[98],"its":[99],"ability":[100],"predict":[102],"higher":[106],"accuracy.":[107],"Feature":[108],"importance":[109],"analysis,":[110],"using":[111],"Random":[112],"Forest,":[113],"Permutation":[114],"Importance,":[115],"SHAP,":[117],"highlighted":[118],"temperature":[119],"most":[122],"influential":[123],"variable":[124],"affecting":[125],"demand,":[126],"followed":[127],"solar":[129],"radiation":[130],"humidity.":[132],"The":[133],"implications":[134],"these":[136],"findings":[137],"are":[138],"significant":[139],"this":[141],"field,":[142],"can":[146,154],"enhance":[147],"adaptability":[149],"forecasting.":[152],"These":[153],"be":[155],"implemented":[156],"different":[158],"geographical":[159],"regions":[160],"market":[162],"conditions,":[163],"improving":[164],"reducing":[167],"operational":[168],"costs,":[169],"facilitating":[171],"integration":[173],"renewable":[175],"sources":[177],"into":[178],"grids.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
