{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416429701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757","title":"Automated Design Space Exploration in High-Level Physical Synthesis","display_name":"Automated Design Space Exploration in High-Level Physical Synthesis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416429701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100716825","display_name":"Linfeng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-4890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Linfeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["RapidStream Design Automation, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RapidStream Design Automation, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004005455","display_name":"Jiawei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0748-3183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068809285","display_name":"Jason Lau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-8227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Lau","raw_affiliation_strings":["RapidStream Design Automation, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RapidStream Design Automation, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074835029","display_name":"Yuze Chi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5885-0425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["RapidStream Design Automation, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RapidStream Design Automation, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037943108","display_name":"Yutong Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["RapidStream Design Automation, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RapidStream Design Automation, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067437853","display_name":"Chunyou Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyou Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060826708","display_name":"Afzal Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4491-5440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afzal Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103241031","display_name":"Zifan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3482-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zifan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103125055","display_name":"Jie Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1784-0554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jake Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111043934","display_name":"Jinming Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7986-4886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinming Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060124394","display_name":"Jason Cong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441533","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-2043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032647120","display_name":"Licheng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["RapidStream Design Automation, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RapidStream Design Automation, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100716825"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38334367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.6087999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.6087999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.15209999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.1120000034570694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.8719000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.7186999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6371999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-design","display_name":"Physical design","score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-exploration","display_name":"Space exploration","score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.36230000853538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.8719000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.7186999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6371999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188817802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13426855","display_name":"Physical design","level":3,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104060986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180046","display_name":"Space exploration","level":2,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982740150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249230","display_name":"Design cycle","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.311599999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777466363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008971","display_name":"Design tool","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138852830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292993","display_name":"Design methods","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127879752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3390760","display_name":"Place and route","level":3,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106246047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4928435","display_name":"Iterative design","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195672273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888132","display_name":"Model-based design","level":2,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094420","display_name":"Iterative refinement","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-169065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-169065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073137766","https://openalex.org/W2386615278","https://openalex.org/W2942756726","https://openalex.org/W3035066704","https://openalex.org/W3130920634","https://openalex.org/W3132370594","https://openalex.org/W3133395503","https://openalex.org/W3198975860","https://openalex.org/W3206617614","https://openalex.org/W4200023416","https://openalex.org/W4200197440","https://openalex.org/W4211113317","https://openalex.org/W4211147898","https://openalex.org/W4282050611","https://openalex.org/W4293024216","https://openalex.org/W4312037452","https://openalex.org/W4312428205","https://openalex.org/W4313447739","https://openalex.org/W4315588165","https://openalex.org/W4318618048","https://openalex.org/W4383749374","https://openalex.org/W4383749446","https://openalex.org/W4385453670","https://openalex.org/W4386746087","https://openalex.org/W4386830976","https://openalex.org/W4388214727","https://openalex.org/W4388214748","https://openalex.org/W4393002331","https://openalex.org/W4393403750","https://openalex.org/W4393576100","https://openalex.org/W4395106433","https://openalex.org/W4403278692","https://openalex.org/W4407953528","https://openalex.org/W4410810423"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implementing":[0],"HLS":[1],"accelerators":[2],"on":[3,136],"large-scale":[4],"multi-die":[5,138],"FPGAs":[6],"presents":[7],"significant":[8],"challenges.":[9],"To":[10],"address":[11],"this,":[12],"researchers":[13],"have":[14],"proposed":[15],"High-Level":[16],"Physical":[17],"Synthesis":[18],"(HLPS),":[19],"which":[20],"co-optimizes":[21],"high-level":[22],"synthesis":[23],"and":[24,38,75,84,95,125,160],"physical":[25,111],"design":[26,86],"to":[27,46,54,119],"improve":[28],"achievable":[29],"frequency.":[30],"However,":[31],"existing":[32],"HLPS":[33,98,121],"techniques":[34],"suffer":[35],"from":[36,110],"unstable":[37],"inconsistent":[39],"quality":[40],"of":[41,50,97,146,153,163],"results":[42],"(QoRs),":[43],"largely":[44],"due":[45],"the":[47,58,93,101,114,151,154,164],"vast":[48],"number":[49],"parameters":[51],"that":[52,91,162],"need":[53],"be":[55],"selected":[56],"by":[57,99,107],"user":[59],"in":[60,77],"an":[61,143],"ad-hoc":[62],"way.":[63],"As":[64],"a":[65,82],"result,":[66],"achieving":[67],"satisfactory":[68],"solutions":[69,167],"still":[70],"requires":[71],"substantial":[72],"manual":[73],"effort":[74],"expertise":[76],"low-level":[78],"circuit":[79],"design.We":[80],"propose":[81],"robust":[83],"practical":[85],"space":[87],"exploration":[88],"(DSE)":[89],"framework":[90,115,141],"enhances":[92],"reliability":[94],"QoRs":[96],"automating":[100],"iterative":[102],"parameter":[103],"tuning":[104],"process.":[105],"Informed":[106],"metrics":[108],"extracted":[109],"implementation":[112],"outcomes,":[113],"applies":[116],"tailored":[117],"heuristics":[118],"refine":[120],"parameters,":[122],"enabling":[123],"consistent":[124],"automated":[126],"timing":[127],"closure.":[128],"In":[129],"evaluations":[130],"with":[131],"large-scale,":[132],"real-world":[133],"designs":[134],"implemented":[135],"representative":[137],"devices,":[139],"our":[140],"achieves":[142],"average":[144],"frequency":[145,152],"311.06":[147],"MHz,":[148],"reaching":[149],"2.42\u00d7":[150],"AMD":[155],"Vitis/Vivado":[156],"toolchain":[157],"(128.48":[158],"MHz)":[159],"1.67\u00d7":[161],"leading":[165],"academic":[166],"(186.21":[168],"MHz).":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}