{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416429833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670","title":"Ultrafast Density Gradient Accumulation in 3D Analytical Placement with Divergence Theorem","display_name":"Ultrafast Density Gradient Accumulation in 3D Analytical Placement with Divergence Theorem","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416429833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006658802","display_name":"Peiyu Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peiyu Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019622389","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7912-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085181578","display_name":"Siting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051340429","display_name":"Bei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-4810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006658802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37727763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.5077000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.5077000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.22290000319480896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.07479999959468842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7954999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.6898999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence-theorem","display_name":"Divergence theorem","score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.3359000086784363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7954999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6898999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.6123999953269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16030659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338886","display_name":"Divergence theorem","level":4,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778892434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1871401","display_name":"Density gradient","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad66269.2025.11240670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985292881","https://openalex.org/W2014070364","https://openalex.org/W2031974129","https://openalex.org/W2132693178","https://openalex.org/W2167190617","https://openalex.org/W2284397099","https://openalex.org/W2799178840","https://openalex.org/W2884307971","https://openalex.org/W2964128282","https://openalex.org/W3024554963","https://openalex.org/W3213323378","https://openalex.org/W4313119958","https://openalex.org/W4386763986","https://openalex.org/W4387129402","https://openalex.org/W4389166777","https://openalex.org/W4390241306","https://openalex.org/W4401567678","https://openalex.org/W4404133955"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Density":[0],"gradient":[1,28,93],"accumulation":[2],"plays":[3],"a":[4,41],"pivotal":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,62,70],"3D":[8,63,131],"analytical":[9,130],"placement.":[10,73],"Analytical":[11],"placers":[12],"rely":[13],"on":[14,122],"this":[15,53,75,101],"fundamental":[16],"operation":[17,38],"during":[18],"the":[19,27,30,59,83,88,128],"backward":[20],"step":[21],"of":[22,29,91,100],"each":[23],"iteration":[24],"to":[25,86,127],"compute":[26],"density":[31,92],"penalty":[32],"for":[33,46,103],"every":[34],"node.":[35],"This":[36],"primitive":[37],"thus":[39],"constitutes":[40],"significant":[42],"runtime":[43,120],"bottleneck,":[44],"especially":[45],"mixed-size":[47],"designs":[48],"with":[49],"large":[50],"macros.":[51],"Furthermore,":[52],"bottleneck":[54],"becomes":[55],"increasingly":[56],"critical":[57],"as":[58],"grid":[60],"size":[61],"placement":[64],"is":[65],"considerably":[66],"larger":[67],"than":[68,117],"that":[69,112],"conventional":[71],"2D":[72],"In":[74],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"an":[79],"algorithm":[80,102],"inspired":[81],"by":[82],"divergence":[84],"theorem":[85],"reduce":[87],"time":[89],"complexity":[90],"accumulation.":[94],"We":[95],"also":[96],"present":[97],"our":[98,113],"implementations":[99],"both":[104],"CPU":[105,123],"and":[106,124],"GPU":[107,125],"versions.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"results":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"method":[114],"achieves":[115],"more":[116],"3\u00d7":[118],"end-to-end":[119],"speedup":[121],"compared":[126],"SOTA":[129],"placer.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}
