{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399769444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818","title":"Optimizing Cascade-Loop Controller Parameters of Two-Area Autonomous Microgrid for Load Frequency Control Using Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Optimizing Cascade-Loop Controller Parameters of Two-Area Autonomous Microgrid for Load Frequency Control Using Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399769444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099218515","display_name":"Nahla Idrissi Chehaibi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nahla Idrissi Chehaibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004772159","display_name":"Mohammed Ferfra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6918-3493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Ferfra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010442016","display_name":"Reda Rabeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3433-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reda Rabeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["International University of Rabat,Laboratory LERMA, ECINE,Sala Al Jadida,Morocco","Laboratory LERMA, ECINE, International University of Rabat, Sala Al Jadida, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International University of Rabat,Laboratory LERMA, ECINE,Sala Al Jadida,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory LERMA, ECINE, International University of Rabat, Sala Al Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039366943","display_name":"Abdessamade Bouaddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6130-1742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdessamade Bouaddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohammed V University,Mohammadia School of Engineers,Department of Electrical Engineering,Rabat,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Mohammadia School of Engineers, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93172026,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8698679804801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7928032875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.7626683712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.730897068977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6863600015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6356393098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.5578638911247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5558658838272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5070161819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49657684564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximation-error","display_name":"Approximation error","score":0.48431816697120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.450467050075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.43389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.4185982644557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.3395046591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.31832581758499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29946261644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2709639072418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2225722074508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.19777756929397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15608316659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.13141390681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.12509801983833313}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8698679804801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7928032875061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.7626683712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.730897068977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6863600015640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6356393098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.5578638911247253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5558658838272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5070161819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49657684564590454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.48431816697120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.450467050075531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.43389761447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.4185982644557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.3395046591758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31832581758499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29946261644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2709639072418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2225722074508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19777756929397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15608316659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.13141390681266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.12509801983833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2481662626","https://openalex.org/W2765451990","https://openalex.org/W2793597975","https://openalex.org/W2998438400","https://openalex.org/W3046908235","https://openalex.org/W3092784090","https://openalex.org/W3108328066","https://openalex.org/W3155134824","https://openalex.org/W4280520192","https://openalex.org/W4309768516","https://openalex.org/W4387827072","https://openalex.org/W4388948709","https://openalex.org/W6721942365","https://openalex.org/W6745307345","https://openalex.org/W6747664916","https://openalex.org/W6781344699","https://openalex.org/W6806317881","https://openalex.org/W6839391529","https://openalex.org/W6858203642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2076021085","https://openalex.org/W2061539888","https://openalex.org/W2424479016","https://openalex.org/W2386414721","https://openalex.org/W3129383449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"suggests":[2],"the":[3,42,50,60,66,109,131,136,142,147,170],"use":[4],"of":[5,34,45,65,82,108,159],"a":[6,11,17,26,79,83,91,105,155,166],"cascade":[7,149],"control":[8,29],"system":[9,93,132],"combining":[10],"proportional":[12,20],"integral":[13,21,44],"derivative":[14,22],"(PID)":[15],"and":[16,117,123,161],"fractional":[18],"order":[19],"(FOPID)":[23],"controller":[24,37,151],"as":[25,90],"secondary":[27],"frequency":[28,160],"strategy.":[30],"The":[31,54,101,126],"optimal":[32],"parameters":[33,133],"this":[35,77],"proposed":[36],"are":[38],"adjusted":[39],"by":[40,71,154],"minimizing":[41],"time-weighted":[43],"absolute":[46],"error":[47],"(ITAE)":[48],"using":[49],"genetic":[51],"algorithm":[52],"(GA).":[53],"main":[55],"objective":[56],"is":[57,88,152],"to":[58,134],"improve":[59],"Load":[61],"Frequency":[62],"Control":[63],"(LFC)":[64],"two-area":[67,84],"autonomous":[68,85],"Microgrid":[69,86],"(MG)":[70,87],"getting":[72],"better":[73,156],"disturbance":[74],"rejection.":[75],"In":[76],"study,":[78],"dynamic":[80],"model":[81],"adopted":[89],"studied":[92],"which":[94],"will":[95],"be":[96],"investigated":[97],"under":[98,138],"two":[99],"scenarios.":[100],"first":[102],"scenario":[103,128],"includes":[104],"step":[106],"variation":[107],"different":[110],"systems":[111],"perturbations":[112],"(load,":[113],"solar":[114],"photovoltaic":[115],"(PV)":[116],"Wind":[118],"power":[119,163],"in":[120],"Area":[121,124],"1":[122],"2).":[125],"second":[127],"involves":[129],"changing":[130],"evaluate":[135],"robustness":[137],"uncertainties.":[139],"Using":[140],"MATLAB/Simulink,":[141],"simulation":[143],"results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"suggested":[148],"PIDFOPID":[150],"characterized":[153],"swift":[157],"correction":[158],"tie-line":[162],"deviations":[164],"with":[165],"minimal":[167],"cost":[168],"than":[169],"other":[171],"controllers.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}