{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389162757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967","title":"PBA: Percentile-Based Level Allocation for Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell RRAM","display_name":"PBA: Percentile-Based Level Allocation for Multiple-Bits-Per-Cell RRAM","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389162757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017132290","display_name":"Anjiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-6027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anjiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051643020","display_name":"Akash Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-6257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030371417","display_name":"Pu Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6669-6520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pu Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033289364","display_name":"Robert M. Radway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-5489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Radway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029554261","display_name":"Priyanka Raina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-8663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka Raina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036312663","display_name":"Subhasish Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5572-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhasish Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060778165","display_name":"Sara Achour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-1544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Achour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,CA,USA","Stanford University, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017132290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46745217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/percentile","display_name":"Percentile","score":0.8501235246658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8211750984191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.8007782697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6180172562599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.44473692774772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4043172597885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2083926498889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.20568561553955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19187983870506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1520501673221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07463985681533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07365071773529053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122048520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2913954","display_name":"Percentile","level":2,"score":0.8501235246658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8211750984191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.8007782697677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6180172562599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.44473692774772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4043172597885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2083926498889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.20568561553955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19187983870506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1520501673221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07463985681533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07365071773529053}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccad57390.2023.10323967","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315684","display_name":"Stanford SystemX Alliance","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322589","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company","ror":"https://ror.org/02wx79d08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333021","display_name":"Stanford Precourt Institute for Energy","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967540748","https://openalex.org/W2020740707","https://openalex.org/W2043393912","https://openalex.org/W2056507634","https://openalex.org/W2072465842","https://openalex.org/W2141546789","https://openalex.org/W2168972302","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2583536366","https://openalex.org/W2769029411","https://openalex.org/W2794194363","https://openalex.org/W2794288888","https://openalex.org/W2902880618","https://openalex.org/W2913334599","https://openalex.org/W2914250845","https://openalex.org/W2984216160","https://openalex.org/W3005885031","https://openalex.org/W3006482525","https://openalex.org/W3015980402","https://openalex.org/W3046502253","https://openalex.org/W3088969038","https://openalex.org/W3125866309","https://openalex.org/W3134195144","https://openalex.org/W3186511633","https://openalex.org/W3193404801","https://openalex.org/W3200825586","https://openalex.org/W4223507763","https://openalex.org/W4225326993","https://openalex.org/W4226353746","https://openalex.org/W4238443827","https://openalex.org/W4376577247","https://openalex.org/W4387411198","https://openalex.org/W6684474170","https://openalex.org/W6760133195","https://openalex.org/W6775551420","https://openalex.org/W6800287960","https://openalex.org/W6800405542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051058708","https://openalex.org/W1494268238","https://openalex.org/W154868527","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W1983207144","https://openalex.org/W2490706771","https://openalex.org/W2480116122","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"researchers":[1],"have":[2,118],"demonstrated":[3],"multiple-bits-per-cell":[4],"(MBPC)":[5],"data":[6,46,72],"storage":[7,127,135],"using":[8],"resistive":[9],"random":[10],"access":[11],"memory":[12],"(RRAM)":[13],"device":[14],"technologies.":[15],"In":[16],"MBPC":[17],"storage,":[18],"a":[19,24,99],"level":[20,25,35,63,101,106,116],"allocation":[21,26,36,41,102],"algorithm":[22,103],"identifies":[23],"that":[27,104,114],"maps":[28],"resistance":[29,57],"ranges":[30],"to":[31,47,61,78],"bit":[32],"combinations.":[33],"State-of-the-art":[34],"algorithms,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"sigma-based":[40],"(SBA),":[42],"fit":[43],"cell":[44],"characterization":[45,110],"parameterized":[48,93],"distributions":[49],"and":[50,82,123],"then":[51],"use":[52],"distribution":[53],"parameters":[54],"(i.e.,":[55],"programmed":[56],"standard":[58],"deviation":[59],"\u03c3)":[60],"find":[62],"allocations.":[64],"However,":[65],"from":[66,109],"the":[67,71,79,84,92],"datasets":[68],"we":[69],"collected,":[70],"points":[73],"do":[74],"not":[75],"actually":[76],"conform":[77],"chosen":[80],"distribution,":[81],"therefore":[83],"real-world":[85],"analog":[86],"behaviors":[87],"are":[88],"poorly":[89],"approximated":[90],"by":[91],"distribution-based":[94],"approach.":[95],"We":[96,112],"present":[97],"PBA,":[98],"percentile-based":[100],"computes":[105],"allocations":[107,117],"directly":[108],"data.":[111],"show":[113],"PBA":[115],"30%-71%":[119],"lower":[120,125],"bit-error":[121],"rates":[122],"22%-41%":[124],"ECC":[126],"overheads":[128],"than":[129],"SBA":[130],"on":[131],"three":[132],"fabricated":[133],"RRAM":[134],"arrays.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}