{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293691172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422","title":"Two-Degree-of-Freedom PID Controller Design of Unmaned Aerial Vehicles","display_name":"Two-Degree-of-Freedom PID Controller Design of Unmaned Aerial Vehicles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293691172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034196986","display_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince Sultan University,College of Computer & Information Sciences,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince Sultan University,College of Computer & Information Sciences,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053918399","display_name":"Fernando E. Serrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8800-7578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169009895","display_name":"National Autonomous University of Honduras","ror":"https://ror.org/03xyve152","country_code":"HN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169009895"]}],"countries":["HN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando E. Serrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras (UNAH),Instituto de Investigación en Energía,Tegucigalpa,Honduras,11101"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras (UNAH),Instituto de Investigación en Energía,Tegucigalpa,Honduras,11101","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169009895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015700815","display_name":"Nashwa Ahmad Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-8953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nashwa Ahmad Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cairo University,Faculty of Engineering,Giza,Egypt","Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cairo University,Faculty of Engineering,Giza,Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035231877","display_name":"Ammar K. Al Mhdawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-1189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","display_name":"Edge Hill University","ror":"https://ror.org/028ndzd53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar K. Al Mhdawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edge Hill University,U.K","Edge Hill University, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill University,U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edge Hill University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032036732","display_name":"Alaa Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3008-835X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I867584213","display_name":"General Motors (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04vd6qx78","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607","https://openalex.org/I867584213"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alaa M. Khamis","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Canada,Oshawa,Canada,L1J 6J2"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Canada,Oshawa,Canada,L1J 6J2","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I867584213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020322808","display_name":"Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-3634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801106189","display_name":"Dijlah University College","ror":"https://ror.org/03vndx142","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801106189"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dijlah University College,Department of Computer Techniques Engineering,Baghdad,Iraq,10001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dijlah University College,Department of Computer Techniques Engineering,Baghdad,Iraq,10001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801106189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016153721","display_name":"Amjad J. Humaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad J. Humaidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology,Control and Systems Engineering Department,Baghdad,Iraq","Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology,Control and Systems Engineering Department,Baghdad,Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070290912","display_name":"Chakib Ben Njima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chakib Ben Njima","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sousse,Tunisia","University of Sousse, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sousse,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62198042,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.797926127910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7915157675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","score":0.7147102952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.6975871324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-function","display_name":"Transfer function","score":0.6965720653533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6801614165306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-response","display_name":"Transient response","score":0.6041827201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5493698120117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.5062417387962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-response","display_name":"Step response","score":0.4651075005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.44424477219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4267386794090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2843378484249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.22998061776161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.11762991547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09916454553604126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.797926127910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7915157675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113957","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","level":2,"score":0.7147102952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.6975871324539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.6965720653533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6801614165306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85761212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974593","display_name":"Transient response","level":2,"score":0.6041827201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5493698120117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.5062417387962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.4651075005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.44424477219581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4267386794090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4243351221084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2843378484249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.22998061776161194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.11762991547584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09916454553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad55197.2022.9869422","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756787991","https://openalex.org/W2790191058","https://openalex.org/W2889287133","https://openalex.org/W2900194208","https://openalex.org/W2900568566","https://openalex.org/W2903812439","https://openalex.org/W2948888100","https://openalex.org/W2964257895","https://openalex.org/W2990127713","https://openalex.org/W2990568672","https://openalex.org/W2994974327","https://openalex.org/W2997177875","https://openalex.org/W3041924304","https://openalex.org/W3080988596","https://openalex.org/W3092087659","https://openalex.org/W3092558700","https://openalex.org/W3095174526","https://openalex.org/W3112150283","https://openalex.org/W3112483795","https://openalex.org/W3113606752","https://openalex.org/W3127120557","https://openalex.org/W3132690190","https://openalex.org/W3134947697","https://openalex.org/W3135520928","https://openalex.org/W3145986226","https://openalex.org/W3153605332","https://openalex.org/W3154534226","https://openalex.org/W3155414473","https://openalex.org/W3195230107","https://openalex.org/W3199217261","https://openalex.org/W3199770132","https://openalex.org/W4300884092","https://openalex.org/W6784147504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2747820245","https://openalex.org/W794224201","https://openalex.org/W2005767583","https://openalex.org/W2165684544","https://openalex.org/W2890481954","https://openalex.org/W2184941548","https://openalex.org/W1934997005","https://openalex.org/W4235912567","https://openalex.org/W1569876521","https://openalex.org/W2040677570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,65],"paper":[1,54],"shows":[2],"an":[3,75],"analysis":[4,71,79],"and":[5,33,45,130],"controller":[6],"design":[7],"of":[8,12,24,38,84,92],"independent":[9,97],"two":[10,30],"degrees":[11],"freedom":[13],"(2DOF)":[14],"PID":[15],"controllers":[16],"for":[17,42,99],"unmanned":[18,100],"aerial":[19,101],"vehicles.":[20],"The":[21,89,119],"transfer":[22],"functions":[23],"system":[25],"dynamics":[26],"are":[27,117,132],"separated":[28],"into":[29],"sections:":[31],"lateral":[32,44],"longitudinal.":[34],"A":[35,110],"transient":[36],"examination":[37],"the":[39,43,82,85,108],"temporal":[40],"response":[41],"longitudinal":[46],"control":[47,87,98],"blocks":[48],"is":[49,59,95,103,113],"also":[50,67],"included":[51],"in":[52,107,123],"this":[53,93],"when":[55],"a":[56,62,69,126],"reference":[57],"input":[58],"utilized":[60],"as":[61,72,74,105],"pilot":[63],"instruction.":[64],"research":[66,94],"provides":[68],"robustness":[70],"well":[73],"integral":[76],"square":[77],"error":[78],"to":[80],"evaluate":[81],"performance":[83],"suggested":[86],"technique.":[88],"fundamental":[90],"contribution":[91,112],"that":[96,122],"vehicles":[102],"limited,":[104],"described":[106],"literature.":[109],"major":[111],"made":[114],"because":[115],"disturbances":[116],"handled.":[118],"results":[120],"show":[121],"all":[124],"simulations,":[125],"suitable":[127],"settling":[128],"time":[129],"overshoot":[131],"reached.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}