{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200033355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536","title":"A Hybrid FPGA-ASIC Delayed Feedback Reservoir System to Enable Spectrum Sensing/Sharing for Low Power IoT Devices ICCAD Special Session Paper","display_name":"A Hybrid FPGA-ASIC Delayed Feedback Reservoir System to Enable Spectrum Sensing/Sharing for Low Power IoT Devices ICCAD Special Session Paper","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200033355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026769918","display_name":"Osaze Shears","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osaze Shears","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082108426","display_name":"Kangjun Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-0006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangjun Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027237940","display_name":"Lingjia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1915-1784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018632091","display_name":"Yang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-0204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,ECE Department,Blacksburg,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80241484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.8364846706390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7321338653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7151027321815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.6187214851379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6030899882316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5274367928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga-prototype","display_name":"FPGA prototype","score":0.5135960578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.37323933839797974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.8364846706390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7321338653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7151027321815491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.6187214851379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6030899882316589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5274367928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203864433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426992","display_name":"FPGA prototype","level":3,"score":0.5135960578918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37323933839797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad51958.2021.9643536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference On Computer Aided Design (ICCAD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3322946541","display_name":"CAREER: Enabling Brian-like Computing through 3D Neuromorphic Circuits and Systems","funder_award_id":"1750450","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1971066582","https://openalex.org/W1977664984","https://openalex.org/W2024416483","https://openalex.org/W2119207405","https://openalex.org/W2169762136","https://openalex.org/W2171865010","https://openalex.org/W2177933918","https://openalex.org/W2257868038","https://openalex.org/W2289508800","https://openalex.org/W2590050480","https://openalex.org/W2593532349","https://openalex.org/W2605147097","https://openalex.org/W2793845345","https://openalex.org/W2800707911","https://openalex.org/W2887258823","https://openalex.org/W2894110571","https://openalex.org/W2905059955","https://openalex.org/W2914940294","https://openalex.org/W2950533501","https://openalex.org/W2970959587","https://openalex.org/W2997106510","https://openalex.org/W2998689804","https://openalex.org/W3011425208","https://openalex.org/W3043159233","https://openalex.org/W3099432326","https://openalex.org/W3100844423","https://openalex.org/W3101265958","https://openalex.org/W3104939237","https://openalex.org/W3154349591","https://openalex.org/W6638545294"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808484818","https://openalex.org/W2135053878","https://openalex.org/W2941434274","https://openalex.org/W2340647897","https://openalex.org/W4249632163","https://openalex.org/W2797161794","https://openalex.org/W2096938998","https://openalex.org/W1760305469","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"delayed":[1],"feedback":[2],"reservoir":[3,62],"(DFR)":[4],"network":[5],"is":[6,127,141],"a":[7,29,69,79,142],"delay-dynamic":[8],"architecture":[9,31],"that":[10,74],"incorporates":[11],"time":[12,26],"in":[13,28,49,171],"its":[14],"training":[15,99],"and":[16,43,60,98,120],"inference.":[17],"This":[18],"quality":[19],"enables":[20],"DFR":[21,47,72],"networks":[22,48],"to":[23,156],"proficiently":[24],"model":[25],"series":[27],"scalable":[30],"with":[32,82],"only":[33],"one":[34],"nonlinear":[35],"neuron.":[36,117],"Previous":[37],"studies":[38],"have":[39],"highlighted":[40],"the":[41,76,83,92,101,107,115,124,130,154],"accuracy":[42,119],"energy":[44,84,121],"efficiency":[45,85],"of":[46,78,86,100,123,132,145,167],"ASIC":[50,108],"implementations;":[51],"however,":[52],"these":[53],"approaches":[54],"are":[55],"limited":[56],"by":[57],"hardcoded":[58],"weights":[59,103],"static":[61],"architectures.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"work,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"hybrid":[70],"FPGA-ASIC":[71],"system":[73,126],"combines":[75],"flexibility":[77],"FPGA":[80,93],"platform":[81],"an":[87,110],"ASIC.":[88],"To":[89],"be":[90],"specific,":[91],"allows":[94],"for":[95,114,129,149,160,165],"dynamic":[96,146],"reconfiguration":[97],"readout":[102],"during":[104],"runtime,":[105],"while":[106],"provides":[109],"analog":[111],"activation":[112],"function":[113],"single":[116],"consumption":[122],"introduced":[125],"demonstrated":[128],"applications":[131],"NARMA10":[133],"as":[134,136],"well":[135],"MIMO":[137],"spectrum":[138,147],"sensing":[139],"which":[140],"critical":[143],"component":[144],"sharing/access":[148],"5G/beyond-5G":[150],"systems.":[151],"Results":[152],"showcase":[153],"potential":[155],"enable":[157],"on-board":[158],"intelligence":[159],"future":[161],"wireless":[162],"systems,":[163],"especially":[164],"Internet":[166],"Things":[168],"(IoT)":[169],"devices":[170],"low-power":[172],"environments.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}